Lecture Review on Body Hydration, Electrolytes, and Oral Health

These flashcards cover key concepts related to body hydration, electrolyte balance, and oral health as discussed in the lecture.

What is the process called when water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration?

Osmosis.

What type of membranes separate one fluid compartment from another?

Semipermeable membranes.

True or False: The body's hydration status depends on an electrolyte balance of equal concentrations of solutes on kilocalories.

False.

How do electrolytes affect hydration status?

All of the above.

Which physiological role of water is NOT true?

Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.

What happens to body weight during exercise in terms of water loss?

Loss of 1 pound of body weight means that at least 2 cups of water have been lost.

What are dissolved substances that freely cross cellular membranes called?

Solutes.

What hormone is released in response to decreased blood pressure?

Aldosterone.

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

ADH controls urine output by acting on the kidneys.

Name one classic sign of fluid volume deficit (FVD) in oral tissues.

Dry tongue with longitudinal fissures.

What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of iron for women aged 19 to 50?

18 mg.

Which nutrient is often lost in feces and can increase zinc requirements when lost abnormally?

Zinc.

What is the effect of high pH levels of energy drinks on teeth?

Causes irreversible damage to teeth in just 5 days.

What triggers the physiological desire to ingest liquids as body water is lost?

Loss of 2% of body water.

What is the relationship between zinc deficiency and oral health?

Zinc deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to periodontal disease.

What can excessive amounts of folate cause in relation to vitamin B12?

Mask a deficiency of vitamin B12.

What is the rate range of zinc absorption?

10-40%.

Which oral structures are lined with keratinized mucosa?

Except the floor of the mouth.

Which meat is an exceptionally good source of thiamin?

Pork.

What are the classic signs of FVD?

All the above except pale urine.

Which papilla types loss leads to diminished taste acuity?

Foliate and fungiform.