Personality
an individual's consistent characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
by adulthood, personality is viewed as relatively consistent
Five Factor Model of Personality: Openness
receptive to new ideas, broad in interests, enjoy new challenges
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Personality
an individual's consistent characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
by adulthood, personality is viewed as relatively consistent
Five Factor Model of Personality: Openness
receptive to new ideas, broad in interests, enjoy new challenges
Five Factor Model of Personality: Conscientiousness
responsible, organized, detail-orientated, disciplined
Five Factor Model of Personality: Extraversion
outgoing, assertive, talkative, enjoy socializing and meeting people
Five Factor Model of Personality: Agreeable
trusting, helpful, cooperative, warm, easy-going, dependable
Five Factor Model of Personality: Neuroticism
insecure, moody, anxious, emotionally unstable, gets angry/worried/stressed easily
Factor Analysis
statistical technique used to identify clusters of related info
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
the most widely researched and clinically used personality inventory; contains true/false questions that are scored on a scale used to describe a person's mental processes and how they manage stress
Advantages of trait theories
gives us terminology to describe behavior
Disadvantages of trait theories
- overestimates the consistency of behavior from one situation to another (person-situation controversy)
- doesn't explain behavior
- doesn't create a unique description for everyone (like a horoscope) (Barnum Effect)
Psychodynamic Theories
unconscious drives/impulses drive personality
Defense Mechanisms
unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt resulting from unconscious conflict
protect the ego
Denial
refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatening situation
Repression
"pushing" threatening or conflicting events or situations out of conscious memory
Rationalization
making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior
Projection
placing one's own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts belonged to them and not to oneself
Reaction Formation
forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of one's threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts
Displacement
expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target
Regression
falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with stressful situations
Sublimation
turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior
Projective Tests
participants respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subject's unconscious needs, feelings, & personality traits & can be analyzed in many different ways
TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
tell the story of a picture
Rorschach Inkblot Test
shown a series of inkblots; respond to what you see