Senior Unit 3

The deepest layer of the epidermis, the basal cell layer, is also known as the _____.

stratum germinativum

What is the name of the special cell in the stratum germinativum, responsible for producing dark skin pigment?

Melanocytes

The underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma corium, cutis, or true skin, is the _____.

dermis

The highly sensitive dermis layer is about _____ times thicker than the epidermis.

25

The outermost layer of the dermis is the _____ layer.

papillary

The tiny grains of pigment deposited in cells that provide skin with its color are _____.

melanin

A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a _____.

papule

_____ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Excorciation

Distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called _____.

telangiectasias

Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is _____.

hyperhidrosis

A noncontagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales found on the scalp elbows, knees, chest and lower back is _____.

psoriasis

Which statement is true of the nail plate?

It is more porous than normal skin of equal thickness.

The portion of living skin that supports the nail plate is the nail _____.

bed

The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called the _____.

bed epithelium

The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate is the _____.

hyponychium

The nail bed and matrix bed are attached to the underlying bone by _____.

ligaments

Normal, healthy nails grow in a variety of shapes, depending upon the shape of the _____.

matrix

The surface of a healthy natural nail should be _____.

smooth and unspotted

Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) _____.

physician

Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) _____.

infection

Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as _____.

leukonychia

Which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?

Fungi

_____ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed.

Onycholysis

What are the most frequent hair removal requests from men?

Nape of the neck, chest, and back

Hirsutism is an excessive growth or cover of hair, especially in _____.

women

Client questionnaires used for hair removal services should contain information about client medications and _____.

allergies and skin disorders

Facial waxing should not be performed on clients with which condition?

Rosacea

Hair removal by means of an electric current that destroys the growth cells of the hair is _____.

electrolysis

_____, also known as Intense Pulsed Light, uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles.

Photoepilation

What hair type responds best to laser hair treatment?

Coarse

Some examples of temporary hair removal methods, commonly offered in salons, include shaving, tweezing, depilation, epilation, threading, and _____.

sugaring

A depilatory patch test should be performed on the client’s _____ prior to treatment for the first time.

skin

What process removes hair from the bottom of the follicle?

Epilation

What waxing technique requires the removal of all of the hair from the front and back of the bikini area?

Brazilian bikini waxing

When performing hair removal services, always use _____ implements in order to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens and other contamination.

disposable

To soften brows, saturate the pledgets or towel with _____.

warm water

In what direction should fabric strips be removed?

Opposite hair growth

Cosmetologists should avoid wearing jewelry on the hands or arms while administering facial treatments because rings and bracelets may _____ the client.

accidentally injure

During an analysis procedure, cleansing milk is applied to the skin using _____.

upward circular movements

The term _____ means lack of lipids, and describes skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores.

alipidic

What term describes dark blotches of color on the skin caused by sun exposure or hormone imbalance?

Hyperpigmentation

_____ are non-foaming, lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup.

Cleansing milks

A cream-type enzyme applied to the face and rolled off the skin is a _____.

gommage

Chemical exfoliants that work by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells are known as _____.

enzyme peels

Individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials, are called _____.

ampoules

Oil-absorbing masks that have an exfoliating and astringent effect, making large pores appear smaller, are _____.

clay-based masks

What is a light, continuous, stroking movement applied with the fingers or palms?

Effleurage

The point over a muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle is the _____.

motor point

An applicator used to direct electric current from a machine to the client’s skin is a(n) _____.

electrode

What is the flesh-toned cosmetic used to minimize the appearance of skin imperfections, such as hyperpigmentation, acne, birthmarks, and other skin discolorations?

Foundation

_____, developed to help disguise less than perfect skin, have been improved by adding color that will actually neutralize skin discoloration.

Primers

Lip color is available in many forms, including creams, glosses, pencils, gels, and _____.

sticks

Changing _____ is a simple way to change a look, and it proves a great way for your client to give herself a treat and brighten her day.

lip color

_____ is a heavy makeup primarily used for theatrical purposes because it does not shift during performances.

Greasepaint

Vital to effective makeup applications is a strong understanding of _____.

color theory

Any color that is significantly deeper or darker than the client’s skin tone is considered a _____.

contour color

_____ services are currently the fastest-growing services on salon and spa menus.

Manicure and pedicure

Clients most enjoy the _____ that manicures provide.

pampering

_____ implements, also known as reusable implements, are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected after use in one client and prior to use on another. Less-expensive metal implements will corrode during disinfection and sterilization.

Multiuse

What are multitask implements for lifting small bits of debris from the nail plate, retrieving and placing nail art, removing implements from disinfectant solutions, and much more?

Tweezer

What is a stainless steel implement that can shorten the free edge of the nail quickly and efficiently?

Nail clipper

_____ is the last step in a perfect manicure.

Polishing

Total immersion of implements during disinfection is a requirement of the _____.

EPA

In the _____, with the development of the spa industry and new pampering equipment, techniques, and products, pedicures exploded onto service menus and became the fastest-growing service in the industry.

1990s

Pedicures can cause _____ damage to clients than manicures.

more

The ultimate pedicure foot bath is the fully plumbed whirlpool with the attached pedicure chair, sometimes referred to as a _____ chair.

throne-design

What is a small, scoop-shaped implement used for more efficient removal of debris from the nail folds, eponychium, and hyponychium areas, especially around the big toe area?

Curette

Which tool is made of foam rubber or cotton and used to keep toes apart while polishing the nails?

Toe separators

What is a product used in the pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin?

Foot soak

What is a water-based lotion that contains an abrasive as the exfoliating agent?

Exfoliating scrub

Dry skin and calluses should be gently removed from the ball and heel of the foot using a(n) _____.

file or paddle

What active ingredient in callus softeners is an organic acid that has anti-inflammatory properties and can break down fats and lipids?

Salicylic acid

Which one of the client’s feet should you work on first?

Non-dominant foot

_____ techniques should be avoided on clients with sensitive or redness-prone skin.

Vigorous massage

Nail technicians should always sit in an ergonomically comfortable position in order to avoid _____ their back, shoulders, arms, wrists, and hands.

risk of injury to

A chemical that should never be added to the footbath with the client’s feet is a(n) _____.

disinfectant

Offering _____ expands your service offerings and enables clients to have a “one stop shop” experience in your salon.

nail extension and wrap services

The _____ is the point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the tip, and where the tip is adhered to the nail.

position stop

Cutting nail tips with a nail or toenail clipper will cause the nail tip to weaken and _____.

crack

Fabric wraps are made from silk, fiberglass, and _____.

linen

Which nail wrap is made from a closely woven, heavy material and is considered to be the strongest nail wrap fabric?

Linen wrap

Nail tips are softened with acetone or tip remover and are _____.

slid off

Remove dust from the natural nail plate with a _____.

clean, dry nail brush

A _____ is a buffer used to create a high shine on a natural nail or a nail enhancement when no polish will be worn.

shiner

What nail supply is placed under the free edge and used as a guide to extend a nail enhancement?

Nail form

Monomer liquid and polymer powder should be stored separately in covered containers in _____.

a cool, dark area

During removal, monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancements should be soaked for _____.

20 to 30 minutes

Use of a nipper to clip away loosened nail enhancements can _____.

damage the nail plate

Wrap resins are called _____.

cyanoacrylates

Traditionally, light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate; newer gel systems use _____.

urethane methacrylates

The chemical family of urethanes is known for high abrasion resistance and _____.

durability

It takes the combination of resin, photoinitiator, and a _____ to cause the gel to cure.

proper curing bulb

The difference between light cured gels is the type of photoinitiator used in the formula and the measure of _____ to which that photoinitiator responds to.

light

Which gel can be a building gel or self-leveling gel that includes color pigment?

Pigmented gel

The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel is called _____.

opacity

Brushes that are used to hold and spread the gel should be _____.

small

Light cured gel enhancements should be maintained _____.

every two weeks

Soft UV gels are also known as _____.

soakable gels

The sealer or finisher layer of a UV or LED gel product covers the entire nail surface and is wrapped under the natural free edge to _____.

prevent lifting

What type of UV or LED gel is used when sculpting light cured gel using forms?

building gel