hormones and nutrients

exam 2 bio

hormones

chemical messangers that regulate plant growth

where are hormones transported

phloem tissue

does hormone transport require atp

yes

factors that control hormones

• growth

• seed germination

• fruitning

• flowering

• shedding of leaves

• color change

what are the two kind of hormones

1. growth inhibiting

2. growth promoting

auxins

• growth promoting hormone

• produced in shoot tips, seeds, fruits, leaves and stems

• promotes cell elongation, shoot elongation, production of wood and fruit development

• inhibits lateral bud development and abscission of leaves, flowers, and fruits

cytokinins

• growth promoting hormone

• originally found in coconut milk

• produced in seeds, fruits, and roots

• promotes cell division and lateral bud development

• inhibits leaf senescence

gibberellins

• largest group

• growth promoting

• found throughout the cell but concentrated in seeds

• promotes cell elongation

• promotes breakdown of starch in germinating seeds

gibberellins process

1. intake of water causes swelling and embryo hydration

2. embryo secrets gibberelling

3. gibberellins transported to cells of aleurone layer to secrete aplha-amylase for breakdown of endosperm to glucose

4. embryo will respire glucose to produce atp

5. embryo is directing time of germination

brassinosteroids

• growth promoting hormone

• promotes cell expansion, shoot elongation, xylem development and stress response

• inhibit leaf abscission

abscisic acid

• growth inhibiting hormone

• found in large quantities in seeds, mature leaves, and dormant buds

• inhibits cell elongation and alpha amylase production

• promotes production of storage carbs in seeds and leaf sensence

ethylene

• growth inhibiting hormone

• promote fruit ripining and abscission of leaves, fruits, and flowers

• interacts with 4 growth promoting hormones to determine cell shape and size

what pathway do nutrient follow

xylem

nitrogen

• macronutrient

• component of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll

potassium

• involved with osmosis and ion balance; opening and closing of stomata (h20 loss and movement)

• macronutrient

phosphorus

• macronutrient

• component of nucleic acids ATP and phospholipids of the plasma membrane

calcium

• macronutrient

• cell wall component

sulfur

• macronutrient

• component of proteins and co enzymes

magnesium

• macronutrient

• component of chlorophyll, enzyme activator

molybdenum, copper, zine

• micronutrient

• enzyme cofactor

manganese

• micronutrient

• enzyme cofactor involved with chloroplasts (membrane for O2 release in photosynthesis)

chlorine

• micronutrient

• splitting of H2O in photosynthesis, ion balance

boron

• micronutrient

• enzyme cofactor, cell wall component and nucleic acid synthesis

iron

• micronutrient

• enzyme cofactor; component of cytochromes; nessecary for chloroplast synthesis