Anatomy bones and cartilage

bones and cartilage!! not finished, label long bone and compact bone+ next lecture!!

What are the 3 main things humans are made up of?

cartilage, joints, and bones

how many bones does an adult have?

206

How much body mass does the bones of a human adult take up?

20%

how many human bones are axial

80

how many bones are appendicular?

126

how many bones do infants have

350

functions of bones (vague)

offers muscle support, store minerals

functions of cartilage (vague)

supports movement, offers cushioning

functions of joints

where bones meet and articulate

what is this?

bone

what is this?

cartilage

what is this?

bone

examples of cartilage

external ear, nose, back vertebrea, larynx airway

function of articular cartilage

covers end of bones

function of costal cartilage

connects ribs to sternum

what type of tissue does cartilage have?

resilient

meaning of resilient tissue

can be cmpressed and return to OG shape

does cartilage have high or low water content?

high

is cartilage vascular or avascular

avascular

does cartilage have nerve endings

no

type of cartilage

Hyaline

what does hyaline cartilage have a lot of

h2o and collagen unit fibril

nickname for hyaline cartilage

glass

characteristic of hyaline cartilage

compressible, resilient, and flexible

where does hyaline cartilage go

end of bones, ribs to sternum, respiratory tract

what type of cartilage is this

elastic

characteristic of elastic cartilage

matrix has collagen and elastic fibers, making it able to bend repeatedly

example of elastic cartilage

epiglottis, outter ear

What type of cartilage is this

fibrocartilage

characteristic of fibrocartilage

withstands compression and pulling

example of fibrocartilage

knee miniscus:invertebral disc

types of growth of growth of cartilage

2, appositional and interstitial

what is appositional growth

adding new layers on top of already existing outer layers

what is interstitial growth

adding layers within cartilage and bone

example of appositional growth

outer surface of bone

example of interstitial growth

Epiphyseal plates

ALL functions of bone

gives shape to head

supports body weight

protects lungs and brain

mineral storage

blood cell formation (red marrow)

energy metabolism and storage

2 types of bone tissue

organic and inorganic

organic bone tissue characteristics

35%

collagen

ground substance

inorganic bone tissue characteristics

65%

hydroxyapetitie

pack together to give strength to bone

cells needed to BUILD and MAINTAIN bone

osteoprogenitor cells

osteoblasts

osteocytes

function of osteoblasts

produces ground substance and collagen

cell involved in reabsorption

osteoclast

function of osteoclast

secretes hydrochloric acid and lysosomal enzymes

bone classifications

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular

example of long bone

limb

example of a short bone

sesamoid

example of a flat bone

ribs, cranium

example of an irregular bone

vertebrae

what does spongy bone do

lightens bone weight

does the hollow center of a bone reduce bone strength

no

difference between long bone and other bones

other bones dont have diaphysis/epiphysis and no bone marrow cavity