World History Final Non Comp

1945-1991

The Cold War (c. Potsdam Conf. 07/45 to Soviet Collapse 12/91)

1947

The US Sponsored Marshall Plan announced (in effect: 1948-1951)

1950-1953

The Korean War

1964-1975

Main US involvement in Vietnam

1989

November - the “fall” of the Berlin Wall (originally built in 1961)

Détente

a French word meaning: a relaxation of tensions or strained relations

Domino Theory

theory in the US foreign policy after WW II stating that the “fall” of a state to communism would precipitate the fall of governments in neighboring states - as a row of dominoes: one falls, others fall

Glasnost

greater openness

Perestroika

restructuring

SALT aka Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

agreements between the US and USSR aimed at limiting the production/deployment of nuclear weapons

Watergate

a building in Washington, DC. A scene of a bungled bugging attempt during the 1972 election campaign

United Nations Security Council has how many members and what do they possess?

5 permanent members; veto rights

What did the “liberating” Soviets (Red Army) support after WW2?

establishment of communist regimes

Where was the buffer zone?

Eastern Europe

Cold War definition

a state of existing tension between the Soviet Union and US

Why was the war termed cold?

Because it falls short of a shooting war directly between the USSR and US

Cold War aspects (1)

bipolar alliance system developed which becomes a conflict through proxy

After WW2 what happened to Germany?

It became a divided land carved into 4 occupation zones by the victorious Allies

What was one of the 4 occupation zones?

Berlin - located inside the Soviet zone and also divided further into 4 sectors

Who gave the Iron Curtain Speech?

Winston Churchill

Iron Curtain descended where?

across the continent

What does Truman announce?

The Truman Doctrine which will not be applied to Eastern Europe nations that have already fallen

Foreign Assistance Act aka

Marshall Plan - highly successful

Containment

the core of US policy toward the Soviet Union

Berlin blockade/airlift

Stalin closes surface access leading to Western Berlin so the answer was an airlift

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

alliance that regards an attack on one as an attack on all

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) policy

dominates the Cold War arms race

China’s civil war

between Communists (Mao Tse tung) and Nationalists (Chiang Kai Shek)

Who lost China’s civil war?

Chiang; he withdrew forces to island of Formosa aka Taiwan

Senator Joseph McCarthy

ignites a Red Scare and claims to have a list of communists employed by the State Department

what type of attack was the Korean War?

a surprise attack - communist north Korea attacked non-communist South Korea and pushed far South

Where did Chinese troops enter the Korean War?

the North Korean side

what happened when fighting was stabilized in the Korean war?

an armistice was signed

Warsaw Pact

a treaty of mutual defense and military aid that represents the USSR’s formalized military alliance

USSR’s Nikita Khrushchev denounces who?

Stalin

What is USSR’s Sputnik?

the world’s first manmade satellite that is launched into orbit

First man launched into space

Russian Yuri Gagarin

Berlin wall

encircles West Berlin and designed to stop defections to West Berlin

Cuban Missile Crisis

US intelligence detects offensive nuclear missile sites in Cuba

JFK response to missile crisis

wants missiles and bases removed and then imposes a strict quarantine (blockade) of materials to Cuba

Khrushchev response to missile crisis

orders Soviet ships to turn back

Congress passes Tonkin Gulf Restoration which allowed __________

President Johnson “Escalation”

President Nixon’s 1972 “surprise” ______ _ ______

visit to China

Iran Hostage Crisis

Iranians seized US Embassy in Tehran taking 66 US citizens hostage

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Afghan guerrillas (Mujahidin) with US arms waged jihad against troops supported by the USSR

France held _________ __________ in Indo-China

colonial domination

Indo-China locations

Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia

France was decisively defeated at ____ ____ ____

Dien Bien Phu

Ho Chi Minh controlled…

communist North Vietnam which was based from Hanoi

The US supported who in Vietnam conflict?

non communist South Vietnam which was based from Siagon

when did a new Vietnamese war begin?

when communists in South Vietnam rebelled against the South Vietnam government

Viet Cong

communist guerrilla group operating in South Vietnam

Containment applied where and was called what?

Vietnam; Domino Theory

What Resolution made it to the era of escalation?

Tonkin Gulf

Who supported North Vietnam?

China and Soviet Union

TET Offensive

Viet Cong and North Vietnam forces seized urban areas in South Vietnam

What happens when US signs a cease-fire agreement?

troops are removed in 60 days

What happens when Saigon falls to communist forces?

it is renamed Ho Chi Minh City

Why was Ronald Reagan elected President?

Because to achieve favorable weapon agreements, the US had to be in a position of negotiating from STRENGTH

What does Reagan offer to the Soviets?

the “zero option”

What is the “zero option?”

the US would not proceed with the deployment of missiles in Europe

What did Reagan announce?

the SDI (strategic defense initiative) or defense missile shield

Who takes SDI seriously?

the Soviets

Who deployed intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe?

NATO/Reagan administration

Chernobyl accident

a nuclear power station near Kiev (Ukraine) exploded and burned

INF (intermediate nuclear forces) Treaty

first arms-control treaty to abolish an entire category of weapon systems

When do the Soviets accept the “zero option?”

INF Treaty

End of the Cold War

Hungary dismantled its border with Austria and the Soviets don’t stop it; East Germans celebrate that they can ignore and dismantle the Berlin Wall

Fall of the Soviet Union USSR

Soviet Union is disbanded

1948

May - modern Israel becomes a nation

1949

October - Mao Tse Tung proclaims People’s Republic of China

1954

US Supreme Court decides Brown v Board of Education

1989

June - Tiananmen Square demonstrations in China

1993

Treaty of European Union takes effect (Maastricht)

1994 Rwandan Genocide ethnic groups

Tutsi and Hutu

Decolonization

gradual dismantling of imperialism

Nelson Mandela

South African statesman and president

State of Israel Proclaimed

US recognized the legitimacy of Israel

Six Day War (2 things)

Israeli preemptive air strikes destroyed the Egyptian air force and Israel gained control of valuable territory

Black September

title of a Palestinian terrorist organization responsible for “Munich”

What happened at the Summer Olympics in Munich?

11 Israelis were killed

What began on the Day of Atonement?

Yom Kippur War

Camp David Accords

Arab-Israeli reconciliation in the form of a treaty between Egypt and Israel

Iranian Revolution (4 things)

1) Riots in Iran

2) return of Ayatollah Khomeini

3) establishment of an Islamic Republic

4) Iranians seized the US Embassy in Tehran taking 66 US citizens hostage

Persian Gulf War

action by a US-led coalition to expel Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait

European Union

Europe embraces over 25 countries

What country represents the world’s largest economy?

Europe

United Kingdom’s Margaret Thatcher known for and as?

determination; iron lady

French Republic pursued ________

greatness

Italy had ________ instability

political

West Germany recovered through economic ______

miracles

What did the rapid recovery of West Germany result in?

Europe’s strongest post war economy

Great Britain partitions ________

Ireland

Northern Ireland aka ______ remains part of ___

Ulster; UK

Ireland aka _____ _ ______ is an _________ Southern section of island

Republic of Ireland; independent

standoff led to what?

“the troubles”

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

group with factions

Good Friday Peace accords

The Republic of Ireland agreed to abstain from its goal of unification

Jim Crow

segregation laws govern most of African-American existence (White/Colored only)

Brown v Board of Education

unanimous US Supreme Court decision that rejects “separate but equal”