Untitled Flashcards Set

Cell

The basic unit of all living things.

Cell theory

States that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Schwann

Stated that all animals are made up of cells.

Schleiden

Realized all plants are made up of cells.

Virchow

stated that new cells can be produced only from the division of existing cells.

What does Nucleus look like?

A large membrane-enclosed structure

Job of Nucleus

contains genetic material in the form of DNA; the control center of the cell.

Eukaryote

Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei; normally large and complex.

Prokaryote

Cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei; small and simple.

Prokaryote example

bacteria

Cytoplasm

Portion of the cell outside the nucleus.

what does the cyptoplasm work with

nucleus

do prokaryotes have nucleus

no

Organelle(little organ)

A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within the cell.

what is the nucleus surrounded by

nuclear envelope/ membrane with pores

Nuclear membrane

Allows materials like RNA to move into and out of the cell.

what does nucleus contain

chromosomes

Nucleolus

A small dense region inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Three organelles that build protein

ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus

vacuole

large saclike membrane enclosed structure

lysome

small organelles filled with enzymes

job of lysome

break down lipids, carbs and proteins

cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives cell its shape

centriole

Ribosomes

Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout cytoplasm that produce proteins.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

An internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on the surface; involved in synthesis of proteins.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes on the surface; involved in synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or release from the cell.

Vacuole

A large saclike membrane-enclosed structure that stores materials in both animal and plant cells.

Lysosome

Organelles that clean up unwanted materials.

Cytoskeleton

Provides support within the cell.

Chloroplast

Organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Bean-shaped organelles that produce energy for the cell.

Cell wall

A rigid layer that provides structure and protection to plant cells.

Lipid bilayer

A double layer of lipids that make up the cell membrane.

Hydrophobic

molecules that don't mix with water

Hydrophilic

molecules that dissolve or mix well with water

Semi permeable (selectively permeable)

A property of cell membranes that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.

Passive transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

Diffusion

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Facilitated diffusion

The process of moving molecules across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins.

Hypotonic

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Hypertonic

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Isotonic

A solution with an equal concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Active transport

The movement of materials against concentration difference which requires energy

Endocytosis

process of taking material into the cell by unfolding of pockets.

Exocytosis

process where cells transport material out of cell

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism. Regulates movement of substance in and out of cell

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

Organ

made up of tissues working together

Organ system

A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function.

Centriole

A cylindrical organelle found in animal cells that plays a key role in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle.

Structure of Centrioles

Composed of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder.

Function of Centrioles

Involved in the formation of cilia and flagella and aid in the process of cell division.