Pressure Groups (COMPARATIVE)

League of Conservation Voters expenditure

$80 million in the 2018 midterms through its ‘Victory Fund’

Result of League of Conservation Voters’ expenditure

Democrat controlled, environmentally friendly House of Representatives

— Labour campaign money came from — in the — general election

69%, trade Unions, 2017

— of the Conservative’s campaign money came from — in the — General election

90%, private donors, 2017

Legal activism and funding from the — led to the ruling of — in —

NAACP, Brown vs Board, 1954

Example of court appointment PG influence

2018 Brett Kavanaugh appointment by Trump - Judicial Crisis Network raised $10 million to sway senators

Amicus Curiae brief example

Conservative anti-gay marriage group (American Family Association) contributed to briefs for Obergefell v Hodges 2015

UK PG influence over the Courts

Have fewer opportunities to lobby courts on constitutional matters

The UK pressure group — brought the case around the government’s controversial — scheme in — to the High Court

Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants, ‘right to rent’, 2019

The most powerful lobbyist in Trump’s Washington is —, due to its — of — to secure clients

The Ballard Partners, hiring, former government insiders with Trump ties

Civil Rights: the — in — aimed to pressure the Federal gov to pass — legislation. — people attended

March on Washington, 1963, civil rights, 260,000

The UK Pressure Group — had significant power in the previous — Government, however now has less control over policy. Chancellor — introduced a — tax to agricultural assets over —

The National Farmers Union, Conservative, Rachel Reeves, 20%, £1million

In the — election season, the — spent — in support of —

2020, NRA, over $16 million, Trump