Chapter 1.1 equations and constants to memorize add conversions

practise all of these calculations and have these formulas memorised

Avogadro’s number (for mole calculation)

6.022×10²³

Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation move through a vacuum with a constant speed, c, of

2.998 × 10⁸ m s⁻¹

Plancks constant: h =

6.626×10⁻³⁴ J·s

speed of light formula and units

c = λν λ in m, ν in Hz

photon energy from frequency and units

E = hν ν in Hz → E in J

photon energy from wavelength (shortcut) and units

E = hc/λ λ in m → E in J

Planck's quantized energy

E = nhν n = whole number, ν in Hz → E in J

Balmer's eq. (hydrogen, visible lines only)

1/λ = k(1/4 − 1/n²) n = 3,4,5,6

Rydberg's eq. (all hydrogen lines)

1/λ = R∞(1/n₁² − 1/n₂²) n₁ < n₂, whole numbers