Cellular Transport Concepts and Wind Cave Lakota Emergence Story

Vocabulary flashcards covering biology cell concepts from Source 1 and the history and Lakota Emergence Story of Wind Cave from Source 2.

Solute Potential

A measure of how solutes lower the free and potential energy of water.

Solution

A type of mixture in which all components are evenly distributed.

Solvent

The dissolving substance in a solution.

Turgor Pressure

The outward force exerted by the fluid inside a cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the rigid cell wall.

Vacuole

A cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Water Potential

A measure of potential energy in water to determine the direction it will move.

Wind Cave

A cave located in South Dakota that is one of the longest and most complex in the world, and the first cave designated as a national park.

Boxwork

A unique formation in Wind Cave composed of thin calcite fins resembling honeycombs.

Cave Popcorn

Small, knobby growths of calcite on cave walls.

Jesse and Tom Bingham

Brothers who made the first recorded finding of Wind Cave in $1881$ after being attracted by a whistling wind noise at the entrance.

Alvin McDonald

An explorer who moved to Wind Cave in $1890$ and explored approximately $8$ to $10\text{ miles}$ of its passageways.

Tunkan Tipi

The underground spirit lodge where humans lived prior to emerging onto the surface of the Earth.

Oniya Oshoka

The passageway referred to by Lakota ancestors where the earth breathes inside, containing a portal to the spirit lodge.

Maka Oniye

The modern Lakota name for Wind Cave, translating to breathing earth.

Iktomi

The trickster spider spirit who was originally named Woksape before losing his name and position for helping Gnaskinyan.

Anog-Ite

The double-faced woman spirit who has a beautiful face on one side and a twisted, gnarled face on the other.

Woksape

The original name of Iktomi, meaning Wisdom, which he held before being punished for his pride.

Hanwi

The moon spirit in Lakota oral tradition.

Tate

The wind spirit and original husband of Ite.

Gnaskinyan

The evil spirit who used Woksape and Ite as pawns in a trick against the other spirits.

Takuskanskan

The Creator who transformed Woksape and Ite into Iktomi and Anog-Ite and banished them to the Earth's surface.

Sungmanitu Tanka

The wolf companion of Anog-Ite who carried a pack of food and buckskin clothing underground to tempt the humans.

Tokahe

The human leader whose name means The First One, who refused to leave the underground spirit lodge when tempted by the wolf.

Sina

A shawl, used by Anog-Ite to cover her head and hide her horrible face while revealing her beautiful face.

Wilmer Mesteth

A tribal historian and spiritual leader of the Oglala Lakota tribe who passed away in $2015$ after reciting the emergence story.

Sina Bear Eagle

A Wind Cave staff member and Oglala Lakota tribe member who recorded the emergence story from Wilmer Mesteth.