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Judgments of Moral Value (aretaic)
judgments that apply a moral status to
certain traits of character or the character of
individuals.
Judgments of Obligation (deontic)
a judgment that applies a moral status
to a certain action or set of actions
act of commission
what act is a positive form of behavior; a doing of something.
act of ommission
failure to do something
voluntary action
s one performed by an
agent who (a) understands what he or she is
doing (understands the consequences of his or
her action), and (b) willingly performs the
action
involuntary action
is one where either of conditions (a) or (b) above do not obtain.
senses of ought
prudential, legal, and imperative
Permissible Action
an action that is consistent with our moral obligations.
Elective Action
an action that is neither required nor proscribed on moral grounds
Obligatory Action (Right Action):
an action that is required on moral grounds.
Supererogatory Action
an action that is praiseworthy on moral grounds, but not morally obligatory.
impermissible aciton
an action that is inconsistent with our moral obligations
Duty
A person has a moral duty to perform an
action if he or she has an obligation to perform
that action.
Right
A person has a moral right to be treated in
a certain way if all other moral agents have an
obligation to treat him or her in that way.
Key parts of Reflective Equilibrium
Ethical principles, Moral intuitions, and factual beliefs.
Principle of universalizability
if one judges that an action has a certain moral status, then one is committed to the judgement that any other action is like the first action in all relevant respects has the same moral statues.
Corollary 1 of universalizability
Moral intuitions must ultimately
be expressible in the form of
general moral principles.
Corollary 2 of Universalizability
moral principles must specify in some fashion what facts are relevant to moral judgment in particular moral situations
Corollary 3 of Universalizabilty
When considering different moral
situations that raise the same moral
issue, if either (1) the relevant facts of
the two situations are significantly
different, as defined by a principle, and
yet our moral intuitions are the same, or
(2) if the relevant facts are the same but
our moral intuitions differ, then we must
conclude that either our principle or our
intuitions are wrong.
Moral Conventionalism
Fallacy that offers conventional beliefs or practices as the sufficent grounds for supporting an ethical position.
Areas of ethical theory
Metaethics, theoretical normative ethics, and applied ethics
meta ethics
the meaning of moral terminology; the nature of moral justification
theoretical normative ethics
discovery of general moral principles
applied ethics
clarifying and addressing issues of contemporary moral concern
values
is any trait or characteristic of something that is either good or bad
moral value
a characteristic of a voluntary action that locates that action in the moral categories of impermissibility, obligation, or supererogation
nonmoral value
any value that is not moral
teleological ethics
the moral values of voluntary actions are wholly determined by the nonmoral values of their consequences
deontological ethics
the moral values of voluntary actions are not wholly determined by the nonmoral values of their consequences
