Unit 2 Clinical Care Test #1 Test

Blood oxygen saturation

The percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood, measured with a pulse oximeter.

Respiration rate of 18 bpm

Indicates normal breathing unless other symptoms are present.

Regulation of blood sugar

A negative feedback system involving insulin and glucagon to maintain blood sugar levels.

Middle ear infection cause

Often due to mucous and pathogens from the eustachian tube.

Weight loss in Type 1 diabetics

Primarily caused by the inability to use sugar for energy, leading to fat utilization.

Symptoms of high blood sugar

Increased thirst, weight loss, and fatigue can indicate Type 1 diabetes with high ketones.

Blood glucose regulation after a meal

Involves storing glucose in the liver and converting excess into glycogen.

Feedback for homeostasis

Negative feedback mechanisms work to restore balance quickly.

Lipoprotein function

High-density lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to cells.

Feedback example

The given picture represents positive feedback.

Vision problems

Myopia is caused by the eye being too long, leading to blurred vision.

Snellen Eye Chart reading

20/50 means seeing at 20 feet what should be seen at 50 feet.

Preventing Type 2 diabetes

Eating a balanced diet, exercising, and avoiding sugary drinks can reduce the risk.

Cure for Type 2 diabetes

Daily insulin shots are not the only cure; false statement.

Stained blood smear

Red blood cells appear red due to hemoglobin, and leukocytes are purple.

Long-term diabetes problems

Include blindness, nerve issues, kidney failure, and circulation problems.

Systolic pressure

Measurement when the left ventricle contracts, with values above 119 mm/Hg potentially damaging.

Pulse measurement

Normal range is 80-120 bpm, caused by arterial expansion from the heart's pumping action.

Cellular respiration

Produces water, carbon dioxide, and ATP.

Low-density lipoproteins

Responsible for delivering cholesterol to cells and can lead to atherosclerosis if in excess.

Type 1 diabetes

Characterized by the lack of insulin production.

Red blood cell function

Primarily carries oxygen throughout the body.

Diabetes fatigue cause

Cells not receiving glucose due to insulin issues leads to tiredness.

Mitochondrial energy sources

Proteins are the biomolecules never used by mitochondria for energy production.

Hearing mechanism

The cochlea in the inner ear houses sensory receptors for hearing.

Increased thirst in diabetes

Due to cells losing water to high solute blood, not everything tasting sweet.

Abnormalities in patient chart

Include lung sounds, platelets, white blood cell count, creatinine, hemoglobin, glucose, protein, body temperature, and respiration rate.

Type 1 diabetes symptoms

Include feeling thirsty and weight loss.

Eye structure and function

Cornea is responsible for light refraction.

Feedback loop

Insulin is produced and secreted from the pancreas in response to blood sugar levels.

Kidney problem indicators

High levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine can suggest kidney issues.

Insulin Effect

Insulin indirectly causes the uptake of glucose by cells.

Type 1 Diabetes Onset

Type 1 diabetes usually occurs early in life and the body is insulin deficient.

Auditory Ossicles

The three auditory ossicles are malleus, incus, stapes.

Ketoacidosis Attributes

Ketoacidosis is attributed to the body utilizing fat for fuel, high ketone levels, and lack of insulin.

Blood Sugar Impact

High blood sugar may cause water to leave your cells.

Hypertension Characteristics

Hypertension encourages atherosclerosis, is chronic high blood pressure, damages organs, and can be exacerbated by high blood sugar and high blood salt.

Insulin Function

Insulin binds with glucose and carries it into the cell.

Last Resort Reactant

Proteins are the last resort biomolecule for mitochondria to use in cellular respiration.