Unit 2 Clinical Care Test #1 Test

(2.1.2 Vital Signs) Blood oxygen saturation

I. is measured with an otoscope

II. is normal if between 95-99%

III. can signal a serious underlying condition if below 90%

IV. is measured with a pulse oximeter

V. could be lower in a smoker or someone who has a low hematocrit

II only

IV and V only

Correct!

II, III, IV, and V only

I, II, III, and V only

Question 2

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.2 Vital Signs) A person who has a respiration rate of 18 bpm

is most likely experiencing some type of heart/lung problem and trying to compensate by an increased respiration rate

may be in the midst of the fight or flight response

should seek medical assistance immediately

Correct!

is breathing normally

Question 3

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) The regulation of blood sugar is a type of ___________________ feedback; when blood sugar rises _______________ is released from the pancreas to decrease blood sugar; when blood sugar decreases _________________ is released from the pancreas to increase blood sugar.

negative; insulin; glycogen

Correct!

negative; insulin; glucagon

negative; glucagon; insulin

positive; insulin, glucagon

Question 4

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office)

What is most likely the cause of a middle ear infection?

trapped water in the ear canal

Correct!

mucous and pathogens coming from the eustachian tube/auditory tube

arthritis in the auditory ossicles

mucous and pathogens coming from the ear canal

Question 5

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) What causes weight loss in undiagnosed Type 1 diabetics?

extreme water loss

high ketones

Correct!

the inability to convert sugar into energy so fat reserves are utilized

a loss in appetite

Question 6

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) A young patient, who has recently lost a bunch of weight, has increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). When the patient’s blood sugar levels are checked, they are extremely high (500 mg/dL). This patient most likely has…

No blood sugar

Correct!

Type 1 diabetes and high ketones

Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)

Type 2 diabetes and low ketones

Type 1 diabetes and low ketones

Question 7

0 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) 

After eating a meal, extra blood glucose will be

I. stored in the liver

II. turned into glycogen

III. turned into glucagon

IV. stored in the form of a polysaccharide

III only

You Answered

I and II only

Correct Answer

I, II, and IV only

I, III, and IV only

Question 8

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Which of the following types of feedback fights to bring you back to homeostasis as quickly as possible?

positive feedback

Correct!

negative feedback

Question 9

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) Out of the three lipoproteins, which has the unique function of delivering triglycerides to cells? 

high density lipoproteins

Correct!

very low density lipoproteins

low density lipoproteins

Question 10

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) The attached picture is an example of which type of feedback? 

Positive feedback

Correct!

Negative feedback

Question 11

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) In the picture below, it is showing two different vision problems. Which of the answers below correctly identifies the condition on the right and the correct cause of that condition?

The eye on the right has myopia. The eye, being too long, causes the light to refract/bend and come to a focal point just shy of the retina, and this causes blurred vision. 

The eye on the right has hyperopia. The eye, being too short, causes the light to refract/bend and come to a focal point just shy of the retina, and this causes blurred vision. 

The eye on the right is an emmetropic eye, or an eyeball that is perfectly shaped, thus allowing light to refract/bend and come to a focal point precisely on the retina. This produces perfect vision. 

Correct!

The eye on the right has hyperopia. The eye, being too short, doesn't provide enough length for light to refract/bend and come to a focal point on the retina. Instead, the light wants to refract beyond the retina (which obviously can't happen, but the light that does fall on the retina produces a blurred image).

Question 12

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) A reading of 20/50 on the Snellen Eye Chart

means that you have hyperopia

means that you can read at 50 feet what you should be able to read at 50 feet

means that you have perfect vision

Correct!

means that you are seeing at 20 feet what you should be able to see at 50 feet

Question 13

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Which of the following help to reduce the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?

I. Eating a well-balanced diet

II. Exercise

III. Drinking water instead of high sugar drinks like soda and juice 

IV. Maintaining high insulin levels all day long

V. Eating a diet high in carbs

Correct!

I, II, and III only

I only

I and III only

II and V only

Question 14

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) The only cure for Type 2 diabetes is to take daily insulin shots. 

True

Correct!

False

Question 15

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) When looking at a stained blood smear

I. red blood cells appear red or pink because they contain hemoglobin

II. there are generally more leukocytes than erythrocytes

III. white blood cells can be seen only because their nuclei absorb stain

IV. red blood cells are generally larger than white blood cells

V. leukocytes are purple

I, II, III, IV, and V only

I and V only

Correct!

I, III, and V only

II and III only

Question 16

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Long term problems associated with diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT

blindness/eye problems

nerve problems

Correct!

lung cancer

kidney failure/problems

circulation problems associated with vessel damage

Question 17

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.2 Vital Signs) Systolic pressure

I. is normal if under 130mm/Hg

II. is the measurement of pressure in blood vessels when the heart is at rest

III. is the measurement of pressure in blood vessels when the left ventricle is contracting

IV. is the lower of the two numbers

V. may be lead to damage to blood vessels and organs if constantly higher than 119 mm/Hg

V only

Correct!

III and V only

I and III only

I, II, and IV only

Question 18

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.2 Vital Signs) A person's pulse

can be manually measured at your pulse points--either in the neck on either side of the trachea near the larynx or in the wrist on the medial side (pinky side)

is normal if in the range of 80-120 bpm

can be measured during diastole (when the heart is a rest)

Correct!

is caused by the expansion of your arteries caused by the pumping action of the left ventricle

Question 19

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) In cellular respiration, what is produced? 

water, oxygen, and ATP

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ATP

Correct!

water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

water and ATP

Question 20

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) Low density lipoproteins

I. are considered the good cholesterol

II. should measure less than 60mg/dL in a blood test

III. deliver cholesterol to cells who need it

IV. are responsible for atherosclerosis if in excess in blood

V. are more dense than VLDLs

I, II, and III only

II, III, and V only

I, II, III, IV, and V

Correct!

III, IV, and V only

Question 21

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) If you have Type 1 diabetes

you have no insulin receptors

Correct!

you produce no insulin

you don't have any alpha cells in your pancreas

you will not need any treatment

Question 22

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) What is the function of red blood cells?

Correct!

carry oxygen

fight disease

clot blood

none of these

Question 23

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) People with diabetes often times feel tired because

the mitochondria of the cells are not being fed enough quick carbohydrate energy

the lack of insulin or insulin resistance interferes with cells not getting proper nutrients for cellular respiration

cells are not getting glucose

Correct!

all of these

ATP is not being made as fast as in a normal person

Question 24

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Which of the four biomolecules are never used by mitochondria to make cell energy?

lipids

carbohydrates

proteins

Correct!

nucleic acids

Question 25

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) Which part of the ear houses the sensory receptors that receives stimulation and sends impulses to the brain so you can hear?

middle ear cavity and auricle

eustachian tube and auditory ossicles

eardrum and ear canal

Correct!

inner ear (specifically the cochlea)

Question 26

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Increased thirst is a symptom of diabetes due to 

everything tasting sweet

the kidneys shutting down because of an overload of sugar

Correct!

cells losing water to the high solute blood

the pancreas using up too much water

Question 27

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) Looking at Cindy Trenton's patient chart, please check ALL that was considered abnormal in her chart from the options below. 

Correct!

Lung sounds

Correct!

HDL

Platelets

Correct!

White Blood Cell Count

Creatinine

Correct!

Red Blood Cell Count

Correct!

Hemoglobin

Correct!

Glucose

Correct!

Blood oxygen saturation

Protein

Correct!

Body temperature

Correct!

BMI

Sodium

Correct!

Respiration Rate

Blood pressure

LDL

Question 28

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Which of the following are symptoms associated with Type 1 diabetes?

I. Weight gain

II. Hyperactivity

III. Feeling thirsty

IV. Decreased urination

V. Weight Loss

II and IV only

I and III only

III, IV, and V only

Correct!

III and V only

Question 29

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) Structure D and its function.

cornea, light refraction

Correct!

iris, controls size of pupil

retina, photoreception

lens, magnification

Question 30

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Study the feedback loop, and determine the BEST answer for B.

Insulin is produced and secreted from the pancreas

Correct!

Glucagon is produced by alpha cells

Glycogen is released from the pancreas

Glycogen is produced by beta cells

Question 31

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) If these are too high in the blood, it can indicate kidney problems.

LDLs and HDLs

calcium and potassium

Correct!

blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

glucose and sodium

Question 32

0 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) In this picture, A is pointing to 

You Answered

a GLUT 4 transporter

a protein channel

a protein receptor that specifically accepts glucose

Correct Answer

a protein receptor that specifically accepts insulin

Question 33

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) In order to be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, your fasting blood glucose levels have to be at what level for two consecutive tests?

115mg/dL or more

Correct!

126mg/dL or more

>100mg/dL

<100mg/dL

Question 34

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) This is the first structure light touches when it enters the eye and provides 80% of your focusing.

lens

iris

pupil

aqueous humor

Correct!

cornea

Question 35

0 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) A high hematocrit

I. indicates anemia

II. means that RBC levels are higher than normal

III. indicates that a person may be a smoker

IV. could indicate heart or lung issues

V. is normal for people who live in high altitude areas

I, II, III, IV, and V

I only

You Answered

II, IV, and V only

Correct Answer

II, III, IV, and V only

Question 36

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Usually the onset of Type 1 diabetes occurs ____________ in life and the body is ____________________. 

late; insulin resistant

early; insulin resistant

Correct!

early; insulin deficient

late; insulin deficient

Question 37

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) What is C?

Correct!

eardrum

none of these

semicircular canal

auricle

Question 38

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Which attributes to ketoacidosis?

I. mitochondria getting too much sugar

II.  mitochondria burning fat instead of sugar

III. body utilizing fat for fuel

IV. high ketone levels

V. lack of insulin

III and V only

I, II, and IV only

I, II, III, IV, and V only

Correct!

II, III, IV, and V only

Question 39

0 / 1 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) Looking at Cindy Trenton's patient chart, what BMI category would you place Cindy?

Underweight

Normal weight

Correct Answer

Overweight

You Answered

Obese

Question 40

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) After insulin is released into the blood

it binds with a GLUT 4 glucose transporter inside of the cell

Correct!

it binds with an insulin protein receptor and causes GLUT 4 glucose transporters to bind with the cell membrane

it goes to the liver and releases stored glucose

it causes blood glucose levels to increase

Question 41

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) If the macula and fovea centralis is damaged or degenerates, what would you have a hard time doing? 

Correct!

seeing anything in clear and sharp detailed images

hearing anything at all

seeing anything at all

hearing high pitch and low pitch sounds

Question 42

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) What are the names of the three auditory ossicles (D,E,F below) in proper order starting with the one attached to the eardrum first? 

stirrup, hammer, anvil

incus, stapes, malleus

Correct!

malleus, incus, stapes

cochlea, incus, stapes

Question 43

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) Using the ABCDE classification of mole examination, which does the mole below show abnormality? Note: we are not considering D or E in the classification due to not having enough information.

C (cancerous)

A (asymmetry) and C (color)

A (atypical), B (border,) and C (cancerous)

Correct!

A (asymmetry), B (border), and C (color)

Question 44

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) If your blood sugar remains high, it may cause

your cells to take in water

decreased urination

all of these

decreased blood pressure

Correct!

water to leave your cells

Question 45

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.2 Vital Signs) If a person has a temperature of 102 F, then

they need to seek medical assistance immediately

they have a normal temperature

they are in danger of dying

Correct!

their body is most likely fighting off an infection

Question 46

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) Which structure below is responsible for equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the throat?

B, ear canal

Correct!

G, eustachian/auditory tube

G, ear canal

B, eustachian/auditory tube

Question 47

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.3 In the Office) Which best describes the path of light as it enters the eye and makes its way to the retina?

aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor/body, retina

Iris, cornea, pupil, lens, retina

Correct!

cornea, aqueous humor while traveling through pupil, lens, vitreous humor/body, retina

cornea, vitreous humor while traveling through pupil, iris, vitreous humor/body, retina

Question 48

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) When blood sugar is high, insulin

binds to liver cells and stimulates them to release glycogen

is released from the liver

binds with glucose and carries it into the cell

Correct!

is released by the beta cells of the pancreas

Question 49

0 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) In the picture

You Answered

glucagon travels down through B

insulin travels down through B and into the cell

Correct Answer

glucose travels down through B

B is pointing to the three insulin protein channels

Question 50

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.2 Vital Signs) Hypertension

I. encourages atherosclerosis

II. is chronic high blood pressure

III. damages organs

IV. can be exacerbated (made worse) by high blood sugar and high blood salt

V. can be caused by atherosclerosis

VI. can not be treated with anything except medication

Correct!

I, II, III, IV, and V only

I, II, III and IV only

I, II, III, IV, V, and VI

II, III and V only

Question 51

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) In Type 2 diabetes,

it usually appears early in life

the body attacks the pancreas killing the beta cells

Correct!

insulin is still made and glucose enters the cells, but it does so at a much reduced rate

insulin is not made

Question 52

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) This picture best represents what type of feedback?

Correct!

Positive feedback

Negative feedback

Question 53

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) What is insulin's effect on the body?

It causes cells to get rid of all glucose.

Correct!

It indirectly causes the uptake of glucose by cells.

It causes extreme fatigue.

It causes water to leave the cells.

Question 54

1 / 1 pts

(2.1.5 Telehealth) Which biomolecule is the last resort for mitochondria to use as a reactant in cellular respiration? 

nucleic acids

lipids

Correct!

proteins

carbohydrates

Question 55

15 / 16 pts

(2.1.4 In the Lab) Looking at Cindy Trenton's patient chart, you must present a logical diagnosis based on patient vitals, labs, and observations. Please answer the following questions. Please put everything in a complete sentence. Use capitalization and end punctuation. 

1. What is your diagnosis for Cindy (1 point)? 

2. Provide at least six pieces of evidence from her chart that brought you to this diagnosis. Along with listing the symptom/evidence; you must also provide an explanation as to how the evidence is tied to the diagnosis. Please see the example below.  (12 points) 

3. Finally, you must point out two more things included in her chart that are abnormal but UNRELATED to her diagnosis that need to be addressed. (2 points)

Example Set-Up: THIS IS NOT THE ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTION...THIS IS SIMPLY AN EXAMPLE!

1. The diagnosis is hypertension or high blood pressure.

2. 6 Pieces of Evidence: The patient has high LDL levels of 212mg/dL. LDL shouldn't be any higher than 100mg/dL. High LDL levels contribute to atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis is a direct cause of high blood pressure. If the blood vessels are riddled with plaque, then the heart must work harder to pump blood through the vessels. The patient has a blood pressure reading of 155/95. Both the systolic and diastolic numbers are high. Systolic pressure should be below 120, and the diastolic pressure should be below 80. (You would need 4 more pieces of evidence.)

3. Two things that appear abnormal on the patient chart that need to be addressed but are not related to the diagnosis includes...

Your Answer:

1. The diagnosis is pneumonia.

2. The patient is experiencing crackles (rales) which are caused by air being forced through the airway that is narrowed by fluid. Pneumonia is caused by inflammation or a buildup in the lungs (fluid, especially) and usually results in this breathing sound. The patient has a high white blood cell count of 12,499 cells/mcL. Normal is between 4,500-10,00, and since white blood cells work to fight disease, her high levels indicate that there may be an inflammation or infection in her body. Pneumonia is caused by inflammation/buildup in the lungs. Her respiration rate is high at 25bpm. 12-20bpm is a normal respiration rate, so her high respiration rate indicates she is having trouble breathing which is a symptom of pneumonia. She disclosed that she has been experiencing shortness of breath. This again indicates that something is preventing her from breathing properly, and this can be a sign of pneumonia. She has an extremely low oxygen saturation at 79%. Normal is 95-100%. Pneumonia compromises gas exchange, so it makes sense that she would be getting very little oxygen from the blood. Finally, her temperature is high with a fever at 101.7 degrees Farhenheit. Normal is 98.6, but it is not dangerous until it is above 103 degrees. It makes sense that her temperature would be high as this is a sign that the body is trying to fight off infection.

3. Her HDL levels are way too low. They should be above 60 mg/dL, but they are at 30 mg/dL. This likely means that any plaque buildup she has is not being cleared enough by the HDLs. This could result in atherosclerosis, and in turn, hypertension. She also has a high RBC count. This could indicate blood cancer or heart disease and should certainly be addressed.