Carbohydrates: Sugars and polysaccharides

Structure of Monosaccharides (# of carbon)

Simple sugar

3-7 carbons

Glucose and Fructose are _____

Monosaccharides

Role of monosaccharides

Building block of disaccharides and polysaccharides

Structure of Disaccharides

Two monosaccharides

Lactose, Maltose, and sucrose are _____

Disaccharides

Lactose building blocks

Glucose + Galactose

Maltose Building blocks

Glucose + Glucose

Sucrose building blocks

Glucose + fructose

How many carbon atoms does one molecule of glucose have?

6; hexose

Structure of Polysaccharides

Chain of monosaccharides

Function of polysaccharides

Structural support and protection

nutrient and energy stores

What is the function cellulose?

Gives the cell wall of plants and microscopic algae their strength and stiffness

One of the most common organic substances on earth

Cellulose is a _____

polysaccharide

Why can only certain bacteria and fungi digest cellulose?

Because these bacteria and fungi have enzyme cellulase to digest cellulose

Agar, Chitin, Petidoglycan, Lipopopolysaccharide, Glycocalyz

Important polysaccharides

Importance of Agar

• Preparing solid culture media

• Natural component of certain seaweeds

Importance of Chitin

Exoskeletons of certain fungi

Importance of Peptidoglycan

Structural support to the Bacterial cell wall

Importance of Lipopolysaccharide

Outer covering of gram-negaive bacteria

Responsible for symptoms such as fever and shock

Importance of Glycocalyx

Outer surface of many cells, “Sugar coating”

Polysaccharides bound in various ways to proteins

Protective outer layer

Role in attachment of the cells to other cells or surface