Practical 1: Colour tests and melting points
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35 Terms
What does Ferric Chloride test used to detect?
Salicylates and phenol containing groups
Ferric chloride - Paracetamol result
Yellow to green
What is the iodine test used to detect?
Starch
Iodine test - starch results
Blue - black colour
What is the Libermann’s test used to detect?
Phenols and amines
What is the Libermann’s test made of?
potassium/sodium nitrate in concentrated sulphuric acid forming nitrous acid (HONO)
Libermann’s test - Aspirin
Colourless to orange - brown
Libermann’s test - Paracetamol
Colourless to dark violet
Libermann’s test - Caffeine
Colourless to yellow
Libermann’s test - Sugar
Colourless to pale purple
What is the Marquis test used to detect?
Alkaloids, non - alkaloids, opioids and methamphetamine
What is the marquis test made of
formaldehyde in concentrated sulphuric acid
Marquis test - sugar
colourless to yellow to brown
What is the Amalic test used to detect?
xanthines (caffeine)
how do you undertake the Amalic acid test?
Add a few drops of amalic reagent
Add a small number of potassium chlorate crystals
in a crucible evaporate until dryness - note colour
Add 2-3 ml ammonium hydroxide - note colour
Amalic acid caffeine final results
Violet
Mandelin’s test - aspirin result
orange to blue - black colour
Mandelin’s test - Paracetamol
orange to green
Mandelin’s test - sugar
orange to brown
Mecke’s reagent - aspirin
colourless to light grey
Mecke’s reagent - sugar
Colourless to yellow to brown
Froehde test - aspirin
colourless to blue
Froehde test - paracetamol
colourless to blue
Froehde test - sugar
colourless to pale brown
Mcnally’s test - aspirin
Red precipitate
Melting point - aspirin
134 - 140 c
Melting point - Paracetamol
160 - 172 c
Melting point - Caffeine
234 - 236 c
Melting point - Starch
250
Melting point - Sugar
146
How to test melting point
introduce small amount capillary tube
insert tube into apparatus in front of thermometer
turn on heat to high, lower heat when getting close to suspected melting point
Colour test for cocaine
Cobalt thiocyantate - pink to blue
Liebermann's reagent amphetamine
red
Marquis test amphetamine
orange to brown
THC - duquenois levine test
Purple coloured chromophore extracted into the chloroform