ETX Midterm #2

A

Which of the following is an example of a biometric type of identification?

a. Facial recognition scanner on a Samsung Galaxy S8.

b. A valid Driver's license.

c. A computer password with at least 1 uppercase letter.

d. A passport.

B

Fingerprints are individualized when several _________ and friction ridge characteristics are consistent with a known reference.

a. General patterns (Loops, arches, and whorls)

b. Minutiae

c. Patent characteristics

d. Latent characteristics

A

Which of the following is an example of a patent print?

a. A bloody fingerprint on the wall of a crime scene.

b. A fingerprint on a doorknob made from perspiration and oil.

c. An impressed fingerprint on wax.

d. A fingerprint that is always partial.

B

Which of the following is an example of a latent print?

a. A bloody fingerprint on the wall of a crime scene

b. A fingerprint on a doorknob made from perspiration and oil.

c. An impressed fingerprint on wax.

d. A fingerprint that is always partial.

B

Which type of fingerprint would require an enhancement to visualize the ridge impression?

a. Patent print

b. Latent print

c. Plastic print

d. Invisible print.

C

Level 1 of Fingerprint identification is useful for ______

a. Individualization.

b. Assigning Uniqueness.

c. Excluding of a person as a fingerprint donor.

d. All the above.

C

Individual characteristics on a bullet can be measured by ______

a. Counting the number of land and groove impressions.

b. Measuring the width of the land and grooves impression under a microscope.

c. Comparing the consecutive matching striae.

d. All the above

A

_____ impression would not be found on a bullet.

a. Ejector

b. Land

c. Groove

d. Both B and C

C

A bullet from a crime scene was compared to a known bullet (One that was test fired in a crime lab). The known bullet originated from a firearm that was recovered from a suspect. Using microscopic analysis, the firearms analyst noted there is significant disagreement in class and individual characteristics between the two bullets. As a firearms analyst, how would you classify this comparison?

a. Identification

b. Inconclusive

c. Elimination

d. Unsuitable

B

A breech face impression from a fired revolver will be present on the _____

a. Bullet

b. Cartridge

c. Barreld.

d. All the above.

D

What individual characteristics would you look for on a cartridge of a semi auto pistol?

a. Firing pin impression

b. Ejector and Extractor striae

c. Breech face impression

d. All the above.

A

How are class characteristics (alone) important in Firearms analysis?

a. It can conclude that the bullet could have been fired from the suspect's firearm.

b. It can conclude that the bullet was fired from the suspect's firearm.

c. It is used for individualization.

d. They are unique and used to distinguish between other tools.

C

The type of alcohol abundant in drinking alcohol is _______

a. Methanol

b. Isopropyl

c. Ethanol

D. All the above.

A

A phlebotomist has taken a blood sample from a suspect who was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. What two chemicals must be added immediately to the blood sample?

a. Anticoagulant and preservative

b. Antibiotic and preservative

c. Anti fungal and Antibiotic

d. Liquid nitrogen and Antibiotics

D

Which of the following is an indirect measurement of %BAC?

a. Blood

b. Breath

c. Urine

d. Both b and c.

B

Which of the following best describe the mechanism of a gas chromatograph?

a. The instrument vaporizes involatile chemicals from the liquid phase to the gas phase.

b. The instrument quantitively measure a mixture of chemicals by separating each molecule individually.

c. The volatile chemicals in the gas chromatograph equilibrates with the headspace.

d. The instrument release UV light to penetrate through the sample matrix, allowing the sample absorbance to be compared to a known source.

C

Which instrument is commonly paired with a gas chromatograph in forensic blood alcohol analysis?

a. Polymerase Chain Reaction

b. Color Test

c. Headspace

d. Microscope

A

What is the purpose of the column in a gas chromatograph?

a. To separate the sample mixture and deliver them to the detector.

b. To vaporize the involatile compounds in the sample mixture.

c. To allow the liquid mobile phase to interact with the sample mixture.

d. All the above.

A

How can a full stomach affect % BAC?

a. Food can limit the surface area in the stomach, lowering the peak of %BAC.

b. Food can increase the surface area in the small intestine, lowering the peak of %BAC.

c. Food can increase the rate of absorption of alcohol in the small intestine.

d. Food can increase the rate of absorption of alcohol in the stomach.

B

Which of the following best describe the Metabolism phase of alcohol?

a. Alcohol is transported from the blood to the tissue muscle and organs.

b. Alcohol is transformed by enzymes to be easily excreted from the body.

c. Alcohol is absorbed by alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach and small intestine.

d. Alcohol is excreted through urine or perspiration.

C

Which of these is not part of the three Standardized Field Sobriety Tests?

a. Walk-and-Turn

b. One Leg Stand

c. Counting Backwards

d. Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

D

Alcohol Elimination rate can be affected by _____

a. Liver dysfunction

b. Heavy drinking

c. Low protein diets

d. All the above.

B

How is Enzyme Immunoassay used in Forensic Toxicology?

a. It can be used as a confirmatory test for a specific drug.

b. The antibody recognizes the drug class and produces a color change.

c. It is commonly used to quantitively measure %BAC.

d. All the above.

C

What instrument is typically used to for sample preparation ("clean-up") for Toxicological Examination?

a. Gas Chromatography

b. Mass spectrometry

c. Solid Phase Extraction

d. Polymerase Chain Reaction

C

A suspect was charged for manufacturing and distributing illicit drugs. Detectives were able to obtain a bag of unknown powder (could possibly be drugs) from the suspect’s house. What type of test(s) must be done to confirm the presence of a specific drug(s)? The Forensic analyst must determine the best method to save time and money.

a. Presumptive test only.

b. Confirmatory test only.

c. Presumptive test first then a confirmatory test

d. Confirmatory tests first then a presumptive test.

B

A mass spectrometry detector_______

a. Is commonly used as a presumptive test for a class of drugs.

b. Is commonly used as a confirmatory test for a specific drug.

c. Quantitates the number of drugs by measuring the sample color change.

d. All the above.

D

Drugs can be composed of a(n)_______?

a. Elemental

b. Small molecule

c. Protein

d. All the above.

A

Which of the following is not true about TCDD?

a. The LD50 is the same across species.

b. TCDD is more potent than drinking alcohol.

c. It is a dioxin.

d. Can cause chloracne.

B

Which of the following is not an ideal poison for a criminal?

a. Silent

b. Fast acting

c. Potent

d. Soluble in water

A

LD50 is ______

a. The dose that causes 50% of organisms to die.

b. The concentration of an inhibitor where the response is reduced by half.

c. The concentration of a drug that induces a half maximal response.

d. The concentration of drug that causes an adverse effect in all organisms.

A

A forensic scientist observed the presence of blood on a T-shirt using a presumptive test. Which of the following techniques below can exclude a person as a possible contributor?

a. ABO Blood typing

b. Plasma Stoichiometry

c. Polymerase Chain Reaction

d. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

B

There are several criteria that needs to be considered when collecting a biological evidence from a crime scene. Which of the following below regarding the collection biological evidence is incorrect?

a. Biological evidence should be packaged in paper bags and not plastic.

b. Biological evidence should stay wet to maintain moisture and to prevent degradation.

c. Biological evidence should be documented and sealed at the crime scene.

d. All of the above.

B

Storing conditions of biological evidence is important. Which of the following factor must be considered when preserving biological evidence?

a. The evidence should be stored in room temperature to preserve the chemical structure of the sample matrix.

b. The evidence should be stored in cold to prevent DNA degradation.

c. The evidence should be stored in high heat to degrade enzyme and bacteria activity.

d. The evidence should be stored in in an incubator that could rotate between temperature in a freeze and thaw cycle.

C

Which of the following is true about the Kastle-Meyer test?

a. It can be used as a presumptive test for all types of biological fluids.

b. It is useful because the test is specific for human blood.

c. A positive test results in an immediate pink color change.

d. All of the above

D

DNA is useful in Forensic Science because __________

a. There is a higher power of discrimination compared to ABO blood antigens.

b. A DNA profile of a suspect from a crime scene can be uploaded and search on CODIS.

c. There are regions in your DNA that are highly variable among the population that can be used for forensic identification.

d. All of the above.

D

What is an advantage of Short Tandem repeats (STR)?

a. STR works for trace amount of sample.

b. STR loci are inherited independently, therefore the product rule can be applied.

c. STR can be used for paternity testing.

d. All of the above.

C

Which of the following chemical is the toxin component of the plant Oleander?

a. Botulinum Toxin

b. E.coli

c. Oleandrin

d. MyoToxin

A

A kitten was admitted to the vet after eating something off the kitchen floor. The kitten showed signs of swelling on the face, neck, and paws. It is likely that the kitten ingested ______.

a. Tylenol

b. Catnip

c. Oleander

d. Multivitamins

D

What is the mechanism of the oleandrin in the body?

a. The toxin affects the level of sodium and potassium in the cells.

b. The toxin can cause necrosis.

c. The toxin can cause kidney failure.

d. All of the above.

A

The biggest pet food recall in 2007 was due to the presence of the chemical ______

a. Melamine

b. Oleandrin

c. Microcystin

d. Both a and b

D

Which of the following is a favorable condition of blue-green algae?

a. High temperature

b. Lakes

c. High nitrogen concentrations

d. All of the above

A

What is the general mechanism of microcystin?

a. Microcystin is an inhibitor or blocker of normal biological processes.

b. Microcystin decreases hemoglobin in the nucleus.

c. Microcystin behaves as a tumor stimulant, leading to overgrowth in the liver tissue.

d. All of the above.

A

For the 2007 pet case, what two chemicals in combination caused kidney failure in animals?

a. Melamine and Cyanuric acid

b. Melamine and Oleander

c. Dioxin and Botulinum toxin

d. Dioxin and Microcystin

C

Which of the following is not an example of a blunt force trauma?

a. Abrasion

b. Contusion

c. Chop

d. Laceration

C

Which of the following is true about a medical examiner and coroner?

a. A Medical examiner and coroner both require a medical degree, but only a medical examiner can perform an autopsy.

b. A Medical examiner and coroner both require a master's degree, but only a medical examiner can perform an autopsy.

c. A medical examiner requires a medical degree and a coroner does not.

d. A medical examiner and coroner are the exact same profession.

D

Death certificates can be used for what purpose?

a. Inheritance matters

b. Insurance purposes

c. Epidemiological and public health studies

d. All off the above

A

Which of the following is true about gunshot exit wounds?

a. There is usually no abrasion ring

b. Exit wounds are usually rounder than an entrance wound.

c. Exit wounds are usually more oval than an entrance wound.

d. None of the above are true.