Lab 3: Vertebrae, Thoracic Cage, & Pectoral Girdle

pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7; 7 vertebrae; concave curvature

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12; 12 vertebrae; convex curvature

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5; 5 vertebrae; concave curvature

sacrum

5 fused vertebrae; convex curvature

coccyx

3-5 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

thoracic cage

ribs and sternum

ribs

7 true, 3 false, 2 floating

articulation

where two bones meet at a joint

tubercle

small rounded projection or process

facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

costal

associated with or a part of the ribs

clavicle

collar bone

sternal end of clavicle

articulates with sternum

acromial end of clavicle

articulates with scapula

scapula

shoulder blade

acromion of scapula

the lateral end of the spine of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle to form the AC joint

coracoid process of scapula

glenoid cavity of scapula

articulates with the head of the humerus

lateral border of scapula

medial border of scapula

superior angle of scapula

inferior angle of scapula

spine of scapula

supraspinous fossa

infraspinous fossa

subscapular fossa

body of vertebrae

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

vertebral arch

structure that encloses the nerve cord

pedicle of vertebrae

portion of the neural arch just posterior to the body and anterior to the lamina

lamina of vertebrae

thin layer or flat plate of a vertebra between the transverse process and the spinous process

spinous process of vertebra

posterior projection

transverse process of vertebra

forms joint with ribs in thoracic region, site for muscle attachment in lumbar region

superior articular process and facet

joins with vertebra above

inferior articular process and facet

joins with vertebra below

atlas

supports the head (C1)

axis

C2 bone; allows one to pivot neck

dens (odontoid process)

acts as pivot for rotation of atlas and the skull

bifid spinious process

on cervical vertebrae

cervical prominens

C7

cervical vertebra

kidney bean shaped, has transverse foramen, spinous process are all bifid except for C7

demifacets of thoracic vertebrae

articulate with the head of the ribs

transverse costal facet of thoracic vertebrae

for tubercle of rib

costal facets of thoracic vertebrae

flat parts facing where ribs sit

lumbar vertebra

lacks transverse foramina and costal facets, large body, short spinous process

transverse ridges of sacrum

site of vertebral fusion

anterior sacral foramina

openings on the anterior side of the sacrum

posterior sacral foramina

openings on the posterior side of the sacrum

superior articular process and facet of sacrum

sacral promontory of sacrum

ala of sacrum

wing-like masses of the sacrum

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

suprasternal notch

hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum, in between the clavicles

sternal angle

horizontal ridge across front of sternum

body of sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

true ribs

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum

head of rib

articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body

neck of rib

between head and tubercle

tubercle of rib

structure in the neck of the rib that articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebra's transverse process

articular facet of rib

attach to transverse process

shaft of rib

the body of the rib

costal groove of rib

muscle attachment; arteries, veins, and nerves run in the groove

angle of rib

portion of rib with greatest curvature