TW1 E5: Stating the Research Hypotheses

ma review

Quantitative, Qualitative

What are the 2 kinds of Research Predictions?

Quantitative

Research Predictions

Tests hypotheses through statistical methods.

Qualitative

Research Predictions

Generates understanding from patterns.

Research Signposts

• Guides to walk readers through the flow of the study.

• Contains the First signpost (Main problem statement) and the specific questions.

Main problem statement

• AKA The first signpost

• Establishes the central direction of the study

Central Question, Sub-questions

What are the 2 types of Qualitative Questions?

Central Question

Qualitative Predictions

Broad question that asks for an exploration of the central phenomenon or concept/factor in a study.

Central Question

Qualitative Predictions

• Investigator poses this question, consistent with the emerging methodology of qualitative research, as a general issue so as to not limit the inquiry.

• What is the broadest question I can ask for this study?

Narrative, Phenomenological, Case Study

What are the 3 types of sub-questions?

Narrative

Types of Qualitative Sub-questions

• Explores situations, scenarios, and processes

Phenomenological

Types of Qualitative Sub-questions

• Understand or explain experiences

Case Study

Types of Qualitative Sub-questions

• Examination of episodic events with focus on answer “how” questions

Narrative

Types of Qualitative Sub-questions

• Ex. How do individuals construct and communicate their personal identities through narrative therapy?

Phenomenological

Types of Qualitative Sub-questions

• Ex. What are the lived experiences of LGBTQ young adults in hyperreligious families?

Case Study

Types of Qualitative Sub-questions

• How does the passing of the mental health law influence the lives of individuals in rural communities?

5 to 7

When writing the questions, there should be one central question followed by no more than _________ sub-questions.

Proposition

What you need to form in order to formulate a qualitative hypothesis.

Proposition

• Statements that help direct attention to something that should be examined in a study.

• This should be based on the central question and be falsifiable or disproved.

conceptual terms

For qualitative studies, delete the portion of the hypotheses in ____________.

optional

The proposition section is ______ in BES thesis.

Questions, Hypothesis

What are the 2 types of Quantitative Predictions?

Questions

Quantitative Predictions

• Inquire about the relationships or differences between or among the variables.

Hypothesis

Quantitative Predictions

• Predictions that the researchers make about the expected differences or relationships.

0.5 level

Confidence level and margin level of Quantitative Predictions

inferential SOPs

• Note that descriptive statistics problem statements do not require hypotheses, only _______.

Null Hypotheses, Alternative Hypotheses

What are the 2 types of Quantitative Hypotheses?

Null Hypotheses

Quantitative Hypotheses

• It makes a prediction that in the general population, no relationship or no significant difference exists between groups on a variable.

Alternative Hypotheses

Quantitative Hypotheses

• Implies that statistical significance is observed based on the data being related or compared.

Directional Hypotheses

Directional vs Non-directional Hypotheses

Investigator makes a prediction about the expected outcome, basing this prediction on prior literature and studies on the topic that suggests a potential outcome.

• E.g., Children’s perceived parenting styles will have a significantly positive relationship with self-concept.

Non-directional Hypotheses

Directional vs Non-directional Hypotheses

• A prediction is made, but the exact form of differences (e.g., higher, lower, more, less) is not specified.

• E.g., “There is a significant difference in stress levels between individuals who practice mindfulness meditation and those who do not.”