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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to bone conditions, fractures, bone tumors, and joints.
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Kyphosis
An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine, commonly known as humpback.
Craniostenosis
A problem with the skull formation characterized by the premature closure of cranial sutures after birth.
Osteitis
Inflammation of a bone, also known as ostitis.
Periostitis
Inflammation of the periosteum, the surrounding lining of the bone.
Rickets
A deficiency of vitamin D leading to problematic bone growth due to low calcium and phosphorus levels.
Osteomalacia
Abnormal softening of bones in adults, also known as adult rickets.
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone, often caused by bacterial infection.
Paget's disease
A chronic bone disease characterized by abnormal breakdown and enlargement of bones.
Osteoporosis
A loss of bone density resulting in increased porosity, often associated with aging.
Osteopenia
Thinner-than-normal bone density that indicates higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
Compression Fractures
Fractures often associated with osteoporosis, typically occurring in the vertebral column.
Colles' Fracture
A fracture in the lower end of the radius that often occurs when people try to break a fall.
Closed fracture
A simple fracture where the bone is broken but does not puncture the skin.
Open fracture
A compound fracture where the bone breaks through the skin.
Comminuted fracture
A fracture where the bone is crushed or splintered into small pieces.
Greenstick fracture
A partial fracture typically seen in children before complete bone development.
Oblique fracture
A fracture that occurs when the break is at an angle across the bone.
Transverse fracture
A fracture that occurs straight across the bone.
Pathologic fracture
A fracture occurring when a bone is weakened due to disease or excessive impact.
Spiral fracture
A fracture that occurs when the bone is twisted around its axis.
Avulsed fracture
A fracture occurring when part of the bone is chipped away.
Segmental fracture
A fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
Primary bone cancer
A malignant tumor that originates in the bone.
Secondary bone cancer
Tumors that spread to bones from other organs.
Myeloma
A type of cancer occurring in blood-making cells in the red bone marrow.
Osteochondroma
A benign bony growth covered with cartilage.
Osteosarcoma
A type of bone cancer that begins in the cells forming bones, often in long bones.
Bone Marrow Transplants
A procedure used to treat leukemia and lymphomas by replacing damaged bone marrow.
Allogenic bone marrow transplant
A transplant using healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor.
Autologous bone marrow transplant
A transplant using the patient's own harvested and treated bone marrow cells.
Fibrous joints
Inflexible joints held by dense connective tissue, such as cranial sutures.
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly movable joints connecting bones with cartilage.
Synovial joints
Joints allowing a wide range of motion, such as ball and socket joints.
Ligaments
Connective tissues that connect bones to other bones or to cartilage.
Bursa
A fibrous sac that cushions areas of friction between bones.
Endocrine system
The body system that produces hormones to maintain homeostasis.
Homeostasis
The process of maintaining a constant internal environment in the body.
Glands
Organs in the endocrine system that secrete hormones.
Hormones
Chemical messengers in the body responsible for various functions.