Bone Conditions and Joints

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to bone conditions, fractures, bone tumors, and joints.

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39 Terms

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Kyphosis

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine, commonly known as humpback.

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Craniostenosis

A problem with the skull formation characterized by the premature closure of cranial sutures after birth.

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Osteitis

Inflammation of a bone, also known as ostitis.

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Periostitis

Inflammation of the periosteum, the surrounding lining of the bone.

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Rickets

A deficiency of vitamin D leading to problematic bone growth due to low calcium and phosphorus levels.

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Osteomalacia

Abnormal softening of bones in adults, also known as adult rickets.

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Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone, often caused by bacterial infection.

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Paget's disease

A chronic bone disease characterized by abnormal breakdown and enlargement of bones.

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Osteoporosis

A loss of bone density resulting in increased porosity, often associated with aging.

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Osteopenia

Thinner-than-normal bone density that indicates higher risk of developing osteoporosis.

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Compression Fractures

Fractures often associated with osteoporosis, typically occurring in the vertebral column.

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Colles' Fracture

A fracture in the lower end of the radius that often occurs when people try to break a fall.

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Closed fracture

A simple fracture where the bone is broken but does not puncture the skin.

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Open fracture

A compound fracture where the bone breaks through the skin.

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Comminuted fracture

A fracture where the bone is crushed or splintered into small pieces.

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Greenstick fracture

A partial fracture typically seen in children before complete bone development.

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Oblique fracture

A fracture that occurs when the break is at an angle across the bone.

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Transverse fracture

A fracture that occurs straight across the bone.

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Pathologic fracture

A fracture occurring when a bone is weakened due to disease or excessive impact.

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Spiral fracture

A fracture that occurs when the bone is twisted around its axis.

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Avulsed fracture

A fracture occurring when part of the bone is chipped away.

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Segmental fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.

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Primary bone cancer

A malignant tumor that originates in the bone.

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Secondary bone cancer

Tumors that spread to bones from other organs.

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Myeloma

A type of cancer occurring in blood-making cells in the red bone marrow.

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Osteochondroma

A benign bony growth covered with cartilage.

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Osteosarcoma

A type of bone cancer that begins in the cells forming bones, often in long bones.

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Bone Marrow Transplants

A procedure used to treat leukemia and lymphomas by replacing damaged bone marrow.

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Allogenic bone marrow transplant

A transplant using healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor.

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Autologous bone marrow transplant

A transplant using the patient's own harvested and treated bone marrow cells.

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Fibrous joints

Inflexible joints held by dense connective tissue, such as cranial sutures.

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Cartilaginous joints

Slightly movable joints connecting bones with cartilage.

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Synovial joints

Joints allowing a wide range of motion, such as ball and socket joints.

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Ligaments

Connective tissues that connect bones to other bones or to cartilage.

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Bursa

A fibrous sac that cushions areas of friction between bones.

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Endocrine system

The body system that produces hormones to maintain homeostasis.

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Homeostasis

The process of maintaining a constant internal environment in the body.

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Glands

Organs in the endocrine system that secrete hormones.

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Hormones

Chemical messengers in the body responsible for various functions.