honors body systems

Flexion

Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones.

Extension

Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones.

Hyperextension

Extension of a joint beyond anatomical position.

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

Rotation

Turning a body part around a single axis.

Circumduction

Tri-planar, circular motion at a joint such as the hip or shoulder.

Lateral flexion

Side bending of the neck or trunk to the left or right.

Pronation

Turning the arm or foot so the palm or sole faces downward.

Supination

Turning the arm or foot so the palm or sole faces upward.

Internal rotation

Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline.

External rotation

Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline.

Retraction

Moving a body part backward, such as pulling the jaw or shoulders posteriorly.

Protraction

Moving a body part forward, such as pushing the jaw or shoulders anteriorly.

Elevation

Raising a body part, such as lifting the shoulders.

Depression

Lowering a body part, such as dropping the shoulders.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Dorsiflexion

Ankle movement bringing the top of the foot toward the shin.

Plantarflexion

Ankle movement pointing the foot downward.

Radial deviation

Movement of the wrist toward the radial (thumb, lateral) side.

Ulnar deviation

Movement of the wrist toward the ulnar (little-finger, medial) side.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the other fingers.