Physical Education (HKDSE) Chapter 1: Human Body

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the human body as outlined in the Physical Education (HKDSE) curriculum.

Somatotypes

A system of classifying body types into three categories: endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs.

Endomorph

A body type characterized by a rounded shape and a tendency to store fat.

Mesomorph

A body type characterized by having a muscular build and generally taller stature.

Ectomorph

A body type characterized by a tall and thin physique.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A common indicator that describes body fatness, calculated using weight and height.

Normal BMI Range for Asians

A BMI between 18.5 and 22.9 is considered normal for Asian adults.

Overweight

Defined as a BMI exceeding the 91st percentile line among students of the same sex and age group.

Body Composition

Refers to the relative composition of fatty tissues, bones, muscles, and water.

Cell

The simplest living organism that maintains bodily functions by taking in nutrients and converts them to energy.

Tissue

A collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.

Organ

A group of tissues that perform one or more specific physiological functions.

System

Complex functions of the human body carried out by groups of organs working together.

Skeletal System

Made up of 206 bones, it supports, protects internal organs, and facilitates movement.

Joints

Areas where two or more bones are attached, classified into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

Cardiac Cycle

One complete sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers.

Stroke Volume (SV)

The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricles per beat.

Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max)

The maximum amount of oxygen a person can use during intense exercise.

Anaerobic Glycolysis

The process of ATP resynthesis from glucose in the absence of oxygen.

Aerobic System

Involves disassembling fuel with oxygen to generate energy for exercise lasting several minutes or longer.