2. The 28 letters (with examples)
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28 Terms
ا
ā
like a in "father" (long "a")
b
like b in "book"
t
like t in "table"
th
like th in "think"
j
like j in "joy"
h
strong, breathy h sound deep in throat
kh
like ch in Scottish "loch"
d
like d in "door"
dh
like th in "this"
r
rolled r, as in Spanish "perro"
z
like z in "zebra"
s
like s in "sun"
sh
like sh in "shoe"
ṣ
emphatic s, deeper and heavier than regular s
ḍ
emphatic d, deeper and heavier
ṭ
emphatic t, deeper and heavier
ẓ
emphatic th, like heavy "th" in "thus"
ʿ
guttural throat sound; no English equivalent
gh
like Parisian French r or German guttural "r"
f
like f in "fish"
q
deep k pronounced further back in throat
k
like k in "kite"
l
like l in "lamp"
m
like m in "moon"
n
like n in "night"
h
like h in "house"
w, ū
like w in "water"; long vowel u (oo) as in "moon"
y, ī
like y in "yes"; long vowel ee as in "see"