Active Recall - Cells & Plants

Function of cell membrane?

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Function of cell wall?

Keeps the cell from bursting

Function of mitochondria?

Provides energy for the cell

Function of nucleus?

Contains genetic material

Function of cytoplasm?

Site of chemical reactions

Function of ribosomes?

Site of protein synthesis

Function of chloroplast?

Contains chlorophyll, site of photosynethsis

Function of permanent vacuole?

Contains cell sap

What is diffusion?

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What factors affect diffusion?

Factors affecting diffusion include concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area.

How does concentration gradient affect diffusion?

A steeper concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion, as particles move more quickly from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

How does temperature affect diffusion?

Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles, leading to faster movement and a higher rate of diffusion.

How does surface area affect diffusion?

Increased surface area allows more particles to pass through and fit into a membrane at once, enhancing the rate of diffusion.

Effect of surface area to volume ratio on diffusion?

A larger surface area to volume ratio decreases the rate of diffusion as diffusion distance increases.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

In leaves - chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the Sun.

What are the factors affecting photosynthesis?

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, amount of chlorophyll, and temperature.

How does the stomata contribute to photosynthesis?

Stomata allow for gas exchange, enabling carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit. This gas exchange is essential for the photosynthesis process.

How do plants minimize water loss?

Plants minimize water loss by closing their stomata when it is nighttime. Plants also have a waxy cuticle, a waterproof layer of lipids on the surface. Additionally, stomata open for as short as possible to maximize carbon dioxide intake and minimize water loss.

What do guard cells do in stomata?

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and water loss in plants. Hydrated plants mean open guard cells.

What is the movement of sugar in plants called?

Translocation.

What is the movement of water in plants called?

Trasnpiration.

Which part of the plant transports sugars?

The phloem.

Which part of the plant transports water?

The xylem.

What is cell sap?

A mixture of water and sugar.

Does sugar get transported through active or passive transport?

Active transport.

Describe the steps of transpiration

Water moves up through xylem vessels because of transpiration pull. Water is lost as water vapor through stomata.

What is the role of cohesion and adhesion in transpiration?

Cohesion + adhesion = transpiration pull.

What is cohesion?

The binding of two same molecules. Water molecules bind to water molecules to create a long stream of water molecules moving through xylem vessels.

What is adhesion?

Binding of two different molecules. Water molecules bind to xylem vessels to keep the upward movement of water.