CSD 425

Which regions of the auditory brain/pathway recieve input from other sensory areas of the brain…(mark all that apply)

Inferior Colliculus
Modal Geniculate Body (MGB)
Secondary auditory cortex
Higher-order auditory areas of the cortex

Primary cortex

Inferior Colliculus
Secondary auditory cortex
Higher-order auditory areas of the cortex

Evidence-informed practice refers to strategies that clinicians implemented based on their clinical experience

True
False

True

Lack of axon myelination leads to…(mark all that apply)
Synaptic pruning
Synaptogenesis

Neuronal proliferation

Apoptosis (Neural death)

Synaptic pruning

Apoptosis (Neural death)

Parental support groups are typically to assist caregivers navigating the grieving process associated with having a child with hearing loss
True
False

True

The communication strategy in which the adult deliveratly does something wrong on purpose or creates a silly situation to get a reaction from a child is called…

Fun play
Sabatage
Parallel Talk

Sabatage

In children with hearing loss developing spoken language introducing sign language at early stages might be beneficial when…

Not all predictors for success are met (e.g., the child has an additional disability)

The professional decides that/’s needed

The child has hearing caregivers

Introducing sign language is never beneficial

Not all predictors for success are met (e.g., the child has an additional disability)

Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common disability associated with CMV
True
False

True

Fluctuating hearing losses are characteristic of…

Unilateral hearing loss
Auditory neuropathy

Central Auditory Processing Disorders

Bilateral minimal hearing loss

Auditory neuropathy

Two strategies that help preventing CMV infection during pregnancy are…

Washing hands after contacting a child’s body fluids
Avoiding sharing utensils or drinks with children
Washing clothing consistently
Limiting diaper changing

Washing hands after contacting a child’s body fluids
Avoiding sharing utensils or drinks with children

One variable that treatment studies should control for is whether participants are receiving other treatments while the study is conducted

True

False

True

Current newborn hearing screening practices are adequate to detect minimal hearing losses

True
False

False

Disabilities (other than hearing loss) are as common in children with hearing loss as in children with normal hearing

True

False

False

Three factors that help explain variability in language outcomes in children with hearing loss and additional disabilities are…

Cognitive skills
Type of disability
Noise levels in the home
Maternal education
Use of sign language

Cognitive skills
Type of disability
Maternal education

In pediatric studies using dual-task paradigms, which of the following indicates increased listening effort?

Good performance on the primary
Poor performance on the secondary task

Good performance on the secondary task
Poor performance on the primary task

Poor performance on the secondary task

According to ASHA, signal-to-noise ratios in the classroom should never be below…

+15dB
+20dB
+5dB
+10dB

+15dB

Hearing loss can be a factor underlying some conditions characterized by distractibility, ineffective communication, or poor behavior in the classroom

True
False

True

Based on the literature, it is clear that peaks and valleys of +5dB in the audiogram indicate abnormalities that can cause hearing and behavioral abnormalities

True
False

False

Which of the following is sign of a pseudotherapy

It is announced as effective for a variety of disabilities
Evidence relies primarily on large scale studies
Concepts and theory aligns with prior knowledge
There are many contradictory findings

It is announced as effective for a variety of disabilities

Which model of bilingual language acquisitions seems to be supported by recent findings in children with hearing loss

Common Underlying Proficiency Model
Separate Underlying Proficiency Model
Interactive Underlying Proficiency Model

Common Underlying Proficiency Model

In cases of Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)…(mark all that apply)

Hearing loss fluctuates
Speech recognition is not impaired
Sound enters the inner ear normally, but the transmission of signals from the inner ear to the brain is impaired
Otoacoustic emissions are present, Auditory Brainstem Responses are absent

Hearing loss fluctuates
Sound enters the inner ear normally, but the transmission of signals from the inner ear to the brain is impaired
Otoacoustic emissions are present, Auditory Brainstem Responses are absent

When a hearing aid is fitted on a child with unilateral hearing loss integration of binaural cues is always preserved

True
False

False

Which of the following statements is TRUE…

-Auditory training is an effective treatment for cognitive decline
-Auditory training is more effective than hearing aid to treat hearing loss
-Degree of hearing loss is not associated with risk of dementia
-Auditory training should never be considered in part of auditory rehabilitation
-Individuals with high degrees of hearing loss are at a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia than those with low degrees of hearing loss
-Individuals with high degree of hearing loss are at a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia than those with low degrees of hearing loss

Individuals with high degree of hearing loss are at a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia than those with low degrees of hearing loss

What is FALSE about bilingual children with hearing loss

-Clinicians report that they encounter many children that have not developed language skills at an old age
-Variability in outcomes is larger than in their monologinal peers with normal hearing
-They maintain the home language at a similar pace as their bilingual peers with normal hearing

They maintain the home language at a similar pace as their bilingual peers with normal hearing

Hearing loss associated with a genetic syndrome is typically..

Bilateral
Profound
Difficult to predict

Difficult to predict

Based on the current literature, use of RM systems in the home setting should be always recommended for children with hearing loss

True
False

False

One reason (discussed in class) that could explain why sometimes clinicians include pseudotherapies as part of their clinical toolkit might be…

They don’t have good enough scientific skills to spot a pseudotherapy
They are desperately trying to help the patient and will try anything
They are lazy and don’t care about their patients

They are desperately trying to help the patient and will try anything

Which of the following refers to a logistical fallacy used to justify pesudotherapies by claiming that a specific treatment is valid because it has not been proven to be ineffective

Argumentum fallacia
Hawthorne effect/fallacy
Placebo effect
Argumentum ad ignorantiam

Argumentum ad ignorantiam

Which structure of the auditory system is supposed to be impaired in listening difficulties associated with each of the following disorders?

Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Auditory Neuropathy
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Sensory Hearing Loss

Cortex
Auditory Nerve
Brainstem/Midbrain
Cochlea

Central Auditory Processing Disorder—→ Brainstem/Midbrain
Auditory Neuropathy——> Auditory Nerve
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder——> Cortex
Sensory Hearing Loss ———→ Cochlea

Limitations that we observe in scientific literature supporting Auditory Integration Techniques include.. (mark all that apply)

Small sample sizes
Conflict of interest
Lack of central group
Multiple disabilities studied simultaneously
Non. AIT is well-supportived by literature

Small sample sizes
Conflict of interest
Lack of central group

One mode of communication that can be used by individuals with profound deafness and total blindness is

Cued speech
ASL only

Pro-tactile ASL

Pro-tactile ASL

In cases of Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)…

-Hearing aids are always the best option because they amplfiy the signal that reaches the damaged nerve
-Cochlear implants may provide benefit for post-synaptic cases
-Brainstem implants are the best option because they auditory nerve is damaged
-Cochlear implants may provide benefits for pre-sunaptic cases

-Cochlear implants may provide benefits for pre-sunaptic cases

The Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) guidelines for children indicate that…

Hearing should be screened before 1 month of age, follow-up testing completed before 3 months of age, and early intervention started before 4 months of age

The main components of an ACT therapy session include…(mark all that apply)

Independent time with the child
Implementing communication strategies
Counseling caregivers

Coaching caregivers

Monitoring the child progress

Implementing communication strategies
Counseling caregivers

Coaching caregivers

Monitoring the child progress

Asking a child to indicate if the word “dog” and “dogs” are the same or different, is an example of…

Detection
Comprehension
Identification
Discrimination

Discrimination

One characteristic of the natural approach to intervention with children with hearing loss compared to a remedial approach is that…

Caregivers are the target of the intervention
The goal is that the child develops language
Sessions are only conducted in teh therapy room

Caregivers are the target of the intervention

The most critical limitation of electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in children via a coachlear implant is…

-Electrodes move as the child grows
-Only children 5 years or older are candidates to receive a cochlear implant because electrical stimulation can be dangerous

-Spread of excitation. One electrode stimulates a large region of the cochlea

-There are not limitations

-Spread of excitation. One electrode stimulates a large region of the cochlea

When making decisions about the communciation approach that will be used with a child with hearing loss…

-Switching between approaches is not allowed

-Caregivers decide the best approach before visiting a therapist specialized on the approach chosen
-Professionals have the last word about which approach suits the communication needs of a child
-Caregivers decide the approach based on unbiased information provided by professionals

-Caregivers decide the approach based on unbiased information provided by professionals

Which of the following etiologies are characteristics of a conductive hearing loss? (mark all that apply)

Sudden hearing loss

Acoustic Neuroma

Otitis Media
Otosclerosis

Otitis Media
Otosclerosis

A 40 year old tumpster arrives to your clinic complaian about her hearing accuity being not as good as it used to. What type of audiogram woudl you expect to see after conducting an audiometry?

Not at around 1000Hz
Notch at around 4000Hz
Sloping hearing loss
Reverse sloping hearing loss

Notch at around 4000Hz

During an AVT session, if the child says, “Daddy go” and the clinician repeats. “Daddy is going to work",” this is an example of what linguistic strategy?

Expansion/Extension

In which of the followign cases cochlear implants could be beneficial for a child with auditory neyopathy… (mark all that apply)

Auditory nerve pre-synaptic lesion
Auditory nerve synaptic lesion
Auditory post synaptic lesion
Auditory nerve absence

Auditory nerve pre-synaptic lesion
Auditory nerve synaptic lesion

In children with bilateral minimal hearing loss which of the following senarios seems to be preferable when fitting a RM system…

RM systems should be avoided in children with minimal hearing loss

Fitting the child with the RM system monoaurally
Fitting the child with the RM system bilaterally

Fitting the child with the RM system monoaurally

What differences do we observe in terms of clinical recommendations received by bilingual families with children with hearing loss today from those received by families 20 years ago

Unlike twenty years ago, families today are not discouraged to use their home language

Bilingual children with hearing loss that recieve dual-lagnauge support tend to have better langauge skills in English than those that recieve services only in English

True
False

True

When a study does not present conflicting information with the treatment proposed we can see that as a sign of…

It does not matter as long as the study is well conducted
Green flag (supports the effectiveness of the treatment)
Red flag (problematic for the effectiveness of the treatment)

Red flag (problematic for the effectiveness of the treatment)

The ASHA position on Auditory Integration Therapy (AIT) states that…

AIT should only be used for research purposes
AIT should never be used
AIT should be used clinically

AIT should only be used for research purposes

It’s important to assess quality of life and well-being in adult patients with hearing loss

True
False

True

Research is clear there is strong evidence to support that hearing loss causes cognitive decline in the elderly

True

False

False