mcq - unit 6

European conquest in Africa

Facilitated by warfare and diplomacy in the late 19th century.

Scramble for Africa

The period of intense colonization of Africa by European nations from 1850 to 1910.

Migration

Movement of people globally in the 1800s, often for work, facilitated by steamships and railroads.

Steamships

Vessels that use steam power for propulsion, making travel easier and cheaper in the 19th century.

Railroads

Tracks and trains that enabled fast transportation, contributing to urbanization.

Urban areas

Locations where most migrants settled, leading to city growth.

Urbanization

The process of cities growing as people move into them, often as a result of migration.

Rural jobs

Employment found in the countryside, such as farming, often done by women left behind.

Late 1800s

Time period when Japan emerged as a significant military power.

Japanese industrialization

The process of Japan adopting Western military and cultural practices.

Indian indentured servants

Laborers who worked in British colonies in the Caribbean following the abolition of slavery.

Anti-immigrant prejudice

Negative attitudes and discrimination faced by migrants, impacting their opportunities.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The historical trade of enslaved people that ended in the 19th century but paradoxically increased slavery in Africa.

Cash crops

Crops such as tobacco and sugar grown for commercial value rather than subsistence.

Berlin Conference

A meeting in 1884-1885 where European powers negotiated the colonization of Africa.

India's cotton production

India was the leading producer of cotton cloth until industrialized England surpassed it.

Cultural assimilation

The process by which immigrants adopt the dominant culture of the host country.

Italy and Germany

Newly formed nations in the 19th century, late to join the imperialist activities.

Commodities

Goods that were in high demand after Western Europe industrialized, such as cotton and palm oil.

Meiji Restoration

Japan's period of rapid industrialization that began in the mid to late 19th century.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition that more than doubled the size of the United States.

Natural resources

Materials such as rubber and spices sought by Japan during its territorial expansions.

Social Darwinism

The belief that some groups are naturally superior, used to justify colonialism.

Settler colonies

Colonies where settlers from a country occupy and establish dominance over land.

85%

The estimated percentage of the world's habitable land controlled by western powers by the end of the 19th century.

Economic imperialism

Dominance of one nation over another's economy, often prioritizing the interests of the stronger nation.

Colonization of Southeast Asia

Driven primarily by the extraction of natural resources by colonial powers.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

A powerful joint stock company that established Dutch economic dominance in Southeast Asia.

Japanese occupation

The period during WWII when Japan weakened European colonial influence in Southeast Asia.

Independence

The freedom gained by Southeast Asian states after WWII following Japanese occupation.

Outlawed

Banned, particularly in reference to the trans-Atlantic slave trade by western powers in the early 1800s.

Cuba and Brazil

Countries where slavery persisted until the 1880s despite the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.