lower extremities actions

Extension at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 1–4

Extensor digitorum brevis

Abduction at metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Abductor hallucis

Flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints of toes 2–5

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abduction and flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint of toe 5

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexion at joints of toes 2–5

Quadratus plantae

Flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints; extension at interphalangeal joints of toes 2–5

Lumbricals

Flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Flexor hallucis brevis

Adduction and flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Adductor hallucis

Flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint of toe 5

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Abduction at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 3–4; flexion and extension at interphalangeal joints

Dorsal interossei

Adduction at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 3–5; flexion and extension at interphalangeal joints

Plantar interossei

Dorsiflexion at ankle; inversion of foot

Tibialis anterior

Plantar flexion at ankle; flexion at knee

Gastrocnemius

Eversion of foot; plantar flexion at ankle

Fibularis brevis

Eversion of foot; plantar flexion; supports arches

Fibularis longus

Plantar flexion at ankle; flexion at knee

Plantaris

Plantar flexion at ankle; postural muscle when standing

Soleus

Inversion of foot; plantar flexion at ankle

Tibialis posterior

Flexion of joints of toes 2–5; plantar flexes ankle

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexion at joint of great toe; plantar flexes ankle

Flexor hallucis longus

Extension of toes 2–5; dorsiflexes ankle

Extensor digitorum longus

Extension at joints of great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

Extensor hallucis longus

Flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip (long head)

Biceps femoris (long head)

Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip (short head)

Biceps femoris (short head)

Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip

Semimembranosus

Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip

Semitendinosus

Flexion at knee; abduction, flexion, lateral rotation at hip

Sartorius

Medial rotation of tibia; flexion at knee

Popliteus

Extension at knee; flexion at hip

Rectus femoris

Extension at knee

Vastus intermedius

Extension at knee

Vastus lateralis

Extension at knee

Vastus medialis

Extension and lateral rotation at hip; abduction (superior fibers)

Gluteus maximus

Abduction and medial rotation at hip

Gluteus medius

Abduction and medial rotation at hip

Gluteus minimus

Extension of the knee; lateral rotation via iliotibial tract; abduction and medial rotation of thigh

Tensor fasciae latae

Lateral rotation and abduction of hip; stabilize hip

Obturators (externus and internus)

Lateral rotation and abduction of hip; stabilize hip

Piriformis

Lateral rotation and abduction of hip; stabilize hip

Gemelli (superior & inferior)

Lateral rotation of hip

Quadratus femoris

Adduction and flexion at hip

Adductor brevis

Adduction, flexion, medial rotation at hip

Adductor longus

Flexion, adduction, medial rotation at hip; posterior fibers extend hip

Adductor magnus

Flexion and adduction at hip

Pectineus

Flexion and medial rotation at knee; adduction and medial rotation at hip

Gracilis

Flexion at hip; flexes intervertebral joints (with psoas major)

Iliacus

Flexion at hip and lumbar intervertebral joints

Psoas major