economic activity and energy

primary

extracting resources

secondary

processing, constructing and manufacturing goods

tertiary

providing services

quaternary

researching

pre industrial

before factories (primary)

industrial

factories (secondary)

post industrial

service based (tertiary)

raw materials

more jobs are created and some countries will run out of it, jobs will run out

new technology

more jobs are created but new versions of it could replace older versions

gobalisation

more jobs are created but that means you can easily lose business to other countries

government policies

government can offer low taxes,rent and less strict rules on population attracts new jobs although raising taxes will drive out companies to cheaper locations

demographic (population) and social changes

more jobs as HIC countries have older populations now there will be more demand for health care jobs although well educated people leave to go to HICs which means less highly skilled workers

informal economy

when people work without proper regulation, tend to be self employed and do not pay taxes and its a way to earn money for those who cant get a formal job

reasons for the informal sector

underemployment, lack of skills, unemployment

malthus’s theory

as populations grow, the ‘carrying’ capacity will be exceeded. he believes that populations will decline rapidly by disasters when this happens.

boserup’s theory

argues that as population increases we will produce more resources increasing the global ‘carrying capacity’, improving technology will help increase it.

carrying capacity

max population based on the resources there are

primary energy

fuels that provide energy without undergoing any conversion process

secondary energy

made from processing primary fuels

non renewable energy

fuels that can only be used once and cant be replaced

renewable energy

fuels that can be used again and again

energy gap

difference between a country’s energy demand and supply

energy security

when a country can meet its energy demand reliably

coal

non renewable, burnt to get energy, high world reserves, newer mines are mechanised, pollution, global warming, mining can be difficult and dangerous

oil

non renewable, burned to get energy, variety of uses, fairly easy to transport, low reserves, air pollution, danger of spills

natural gas

non renewable, burnt, efficient, relatively clean, least polluting, easy to transport, explosions, some air pollution

fuelwood

non renewable/renewable, burnt, easily avaible, collected daily, free, replanting possible, trees are used up quickly, time consuming, wood

nuclear energy

non renewable/renewable as it relies on uranium as fuel, its clean, fewer greenhouse gases, efficient, dangers of radiation, high cost of building and decomissioning power stations

hydro

renewable, very clean, reservoirs/dams can also control flooding, large area of land can be flooded, silt trapped behind dam

geothermal

renewable, heats up water, many potential sites, expensive to develop, very high temperature, location specific