AP World History - Modern Unit 1 Test Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from AP World History - Modern Unit 1, based on provided lecture notes.

Tang Dynasty early success

Attributed to an efficient, merit-based administrative bureaucracy, land distribution by the Equal Field system, and maintenance of transportation and communications networks.

Song Dynasty emphasis

Placed more emphasis on agricultural production compared to the Tang Dynasty.

Champa rice

A type of rice that could be harvested twice a year, leading to significant population growth in Song China.

Wu Zhao

Also known as the 'Lady Emperor,' she contrasted the patriarchy of Tang & Song China.

Financial instruments (Tang & Song China)

Included paper money, letters of credit, and promissory notes, introduced centuries before they appeared in Europe.

Neo-Confucianism

A blend of classical Confucianism and Buddhism.

Vietnam-China relationship (Song & Tang)

The Vietnamese resisted Chinese military occupation while adopting Confucian ideals.

Heian period

The period in Japan when Chinese influence in Japanese culture reached its peak.

Theravada Buddhism

The original school of Buddhism practiced by the Buddha.

Islam (meaning)

In Arabic, the word 'Islam' means 'Submission'.

Five Pillars (Islam)

Observant Muslims must pray five times daily in the direction of Mecca.

Shi'a Islam

Originated from a dispute over the choice of Caliph, believing the Caliph should be a descendant of the Prophet and his family.

Hijra

The Prophet Mohammad’s escape from Mecca to the city of Medina (Yathrib).

Harun al-Rashid

The Abbasid Caliph most associated with a golden age of learning.

Abbasid Caliphate

Its rule was ended by the Mongol Empire, and its imperial authorities fell under the control of outside groups like the Seljuk Turks. Its capital was Baghdad, not moved from Baghdad to Damascus.

Al-Andalus conquest

Conquered in 711 c.e. by armies of the Umayyad Caliphate, led by the Moors from North Africa.

Cities in Al-Andalus

Included Seville, Toledo, and Cordoba, but not Marrakech.

Veiling of women (Islam expansion)

Was already a long-standing tradition in lands of the former Byzantine and Sassanid empires, practiced primarily by lower-class women, when Islam expanded.

Sufis

Islamic mystics.

Bhakti movement

Identified with and worshipped personal deities among Hindus.

Mahmud of Ghazni

An 11th Century leader of the Turks in Afghanistan.

Vijayanagar

A Hindu kingdom, dominant in southern India for almost 200 years, that began as a defensive reaction to Turkish exploration.

Srivijaya Empire

Based on the island of Sumatra, it built a powerful navy and controlled commerce in Southeast Asian waters from 670 - 1025 c.e.

Khmer kingdom

A Hindu kingdom that built a magnificent temple complex (Angkor Wat) designed as a microcosm of the Hindu world order.

Olmec civilization

Remembered for adorning their capitals with sculptures of enormous human heads.

Inca civilization

Remembered for its elaborate network of well-maintained roads.

Maya civilization

Developed its own calendar that used two different types of year.

Cahokia civilization

Best remembered for its pyramid-like mounds, some rivaling the Great Pyramid of Egypt in terms of base area.

Olmec civilization collapse

The cause of its collapse is unknown.

Mexica

Also remembered as the Aztec Empire.

Mayan city-states location

Located in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.

Pacific Coast Americas (alternative theory)

An alternative to the Land Bridge Theory suggests Polynesian mariners first reached the Pacific Coast of the Americas.

Ghana kingdom

A West African kingdom strategically located on trans-Saharan caravan routes, growing rich by taxing salt, gold, and other goods.

Mansa Musa

An African ruler whose immense wealth devalued gold by 25% when he passed through Cairo on his Hajj to Mecca.

Great Zimbabwe

An East African kingdom that prospered from connections to the Swahili city-states and is remembered for massive stone walls constructed without mortar.

Little Ice Age devastating impact

Led to food shortages that weakened European populations’ resistance to disease, beginning around 1300 c.e.

Bubonic Plague (regions not spared)

China was not among those largely spared from the worst effects of the Bubonic Plague.

Renaissance origin

Began in Northern Italy.

Renaissance meaning

Means 'rebirth,' referring to the resurgence of the classical aesthetic standards of ancient Greece & Rome.

Renaissance Humanists (not)

Francesco Petrarca, Desiderius Erasmus, and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola were famous Renaissance Humanists; Albrecht Durer was not usually classified as such.

Hundred Years' War

Fought between France and England.

Bubonic Plague origin

Historians generally agree it originated in Yunnan, China.

Bubonic Plague consequences (not)

Increased workers’ wages, a great labor shortage, and conflict between peasants and landowners were consequences; the Thirty Years’ War was not.

State-building (later Middle Ages)

While it began in Italian city-states like Milan, Venice & Florence, this process was most pronounced in Great Britain.

Humanism

An intellectual movement that included subjects like literature and philosophy.