External factors, cultural and material- Ethnicity

What did Bereiter and Engelmann find about black American families that is very similar to Bernstein’s theory of language codes?

AAVE is stigmatized by schools as it is seen as grammatically incorrect, thus black students are labelled as stupid.

How does your first language impact your educational achievement and what did Gillborn and Mirza find about Indian pupils that evaluates this idea?

Ethnic minority children may not have english as their first language and that may function as a barrier to learning. However, Gillborn and Mirza found that Indian pupils perform very well often in spite of this.

Why do New right sociologists such as Murray think ethnic minorities sometimes underachieve in education (supported by Moynihan)?

Moynihan found that black families are often single-mother lead. Murray believes that single parent families lead to a deprived experience of primary socialization and thus cultural deprivation which causes underachievement.

What did McCulloch find about the aspirations of POC students?

They were more likely to want to go to university than white British pupils.

What did Lupton find in her study of two working class primary schools, one mostly white and one mostly Pakistani?

Although the white school had less FSM pupils, their discipline was far worse. Teachers saw this as a consequence of white working class parents having negative attitudes towards education whilst the Pakistani parents saw education as a vehicle of social mobility and thus instilled positive values about school into their children.

What does Sewell say about the stigma surrounding education in black male communities and how does Gillborn and critical race theory evaluate this?

Doing well in school is often seen as “selling out” to the white establishment. However, Gillborn argues that institutional racism within education is what holds black boys back, not themselves.

What does Keddie say about cultural deprivation?

She sees it as victim blaming and argues that the ethnocentirc nature of the education system is what fails POC pupils and not a lack of “culture”

What two things do critics of cultural deprivation theory say should be done to aid POC pupils?

1. multicultural curriculum

2. Anti-racist education

What did Wood et al (2010) find about the job market?

Racial discrimination is a persistent issue in the job market, meaning that POC are more likely to live in low income households.

What did Kirby and Cullinane (2016) find about the academic performance of FSM pupils of different ethnicities?

32% of white FSM girls get 5 A*-C GCSEs, only 24% their male counterparts achieve the same.

80% of Chinese FSM pupils get the same results, being 3x more likely than their white counterparts.