Physio - Blood (2)

Lifespan of thrombocytes

8-10 days

3 stages of hemostasis

1. Vascular spasm

2. Platelet plug formation

3. Coagulation phase

During vascular spasm, _____ is exposed, releasing _____

collagen

tissue factor

During platelet plug formation, platelets attach to exposed collagen via ______

Von willebrand factor

Clotting factors involved in extrinsic pathway & order of activation

3 → 7 → 10

Clotting factors involved in intrinsic pathway & order of activation

12 → 11 → 9

Common pathway: Substances combined & end product

CF 10a + CF 5a + Ca²⁺ + CF 3 = prothrombinase / prothrombin activating factor

Function of prothrombinase

Coverts prothrombin into thrombin

Function of thrombin

Converts fibrin to fibrin stabilizing factor

Name the 13 clotting factors

1. Fibrinogen

2. Prothrombin

3. Thromboplastin / tissue factor

4. Calcium factor

5. Labile factor

6. Stable factor

7. AHF A

8. AHF B / chrismas factor

9. Stuart factor

10. AHF C

11. AHF D / hageman factor

12. Fibrin

Clotting factors are synthesized in _____

Liver

Vitamin needed for CF synthesis

Vit K

When Vit K is absent, this condition occurs

Thrombocytopenia

Lifespan of granulocytes in blood and tissue

Blood: 4-8 hrs

Tissue: 4-5 days

Enumerate the types of granulocytes

Basophils

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Least abundant WBC

Basophil

Function of basophils

Allergic reaction

Weak phagocyte

Eosinophil

Most abundant WBC

Neutrophils

Granulocyte that contains lysosomes

Neutrophils

Function of eosinophils

Parasitic infection

Regulates activity of basophils & mast cells

2nd line of defense

Neutrophils

Main function of neutrophils

Bacterial infection

Lifespan or agranulocytes in blood and tissue

Blood: 10-20 days

Tissue: 30 days

Types of agranulocytes

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Smallest WBC

Lymphocyte

Largest WBC

Monocyte

Agranulocytes: ____ become ____ once they enter the tissues

Monocytes

Macrophages

1st line of defense

Macrophages

Function of macrophages

Bacterial and viral infection

Types of lymphocyte

B cells

T cells

Responsible for humoral-mediated immunity

B cells

Responsible for cellular-mediated immunity

T cells

Pre-processed in thymus

T cells

Produces antibodies

B cells

Pre-processed in bone marrow

B cells

For allergic reaction; activates basophils

Ig E

Most numerous antibody

Ig G

Commonly seen in gastrointestinal tract

Ig M

Commonly seen in body fluids

Ig A

Only Ig that crosses placenta

Ig G

Activates B cells to produce antibodies during infection

Ig D

Types of T cells

Helper T cells (CD4)

Cytotoxic / killer T cells (CD8)

Suppressor T cells

T cell that destroys foreign bodies

Cytotoxic T cells

T cell that terminates immune response

Suppressor T cells

T cell that regulates during infection and inflammation

Helper T cell

T cell absent in GBS

Suppressor T cell

T cell destroyed by HIV

Helper T cell

T cell that directs and recruits WBC

Helper T cell