Chapter 3-A&P-updated

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes cranial nerves (12 pairs) and spinal nerves (31 pairs).

Meninges

A series of three layered membranes protecting the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

The fluid that circulates between the pia mater and arachnoid mater.

Brainstem

The part of the brain that manages cardio, respiratory, and vasomotor functions.

Cerebellum

Responsible for coordination of muscle movements and maintaining posture.

Cerebrum

The part of the brain responsible for cognitive functions like thinking and problem-solving.

Frontal Lobe

Involved in personality, executive functions, and speech production.

Parietal Lobes

Responsible for comprehending oral and written language and integrating sensory information.

Temporal Lobes

Include Heschl's gyrus for auditory input and Wernicke’s area for language comprehension.

Occipital Lobe

Processes visual information; damage can lead to cortical blindness.

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Facial sensation and jaw movements.

Facial Nerve (VII)

Involved in taste sensation and facial movements.

Acoustic Nerve (VIII)

Responsible for hearing and balance.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Involves tongue sensation and pharyngeal movement.

Vagus Nerve (X)

Involved in taste sensation and movements related to swallowing.

Phonation

The process of turning air from respiration into sound.

Articulation

The process of manipulating sounds into speech.

Deglutition

The act of swallowing.

Dysphagia

A swallowing disorder.

Peristalsis

The wave-like muscle movements that propel food through the esophagus.