honors history cold war

The United Nations (UN)

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

An International peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 helps ensure security and safety for the nations involved, was an effect to. This was a cause of WW2 and led to the Cold War.

This international organization was created after WWII to maintain peace.

iron curtain

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region referred to the separation of the east and the west.

Winston Churchill used this term to describe the division between Eastern and Western Europe.

Western Europe.

containment

A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances

The American policy of resisting the further expansion of communism around the world

This was U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman, this was the United States trying to prevent the spread of communism. They did this by strengthening alliances and defending weak countries to resist imperialism by the Soviet Union.

This U.S. policy aimed to prevent the spread of communism.

Truman doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism.

Created by Harry Truman, A U.S. policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by countries.

This doctrine promised U.S. support to countries resisting communism,

starting with Greece and Turkey.

Marshall Plan

a plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism.

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

a plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism.

A U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild and recover after WW2.

This American plan provided financial aid to rebuild Europe after WWII.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

countries consisted of- the United States, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom

This military alliance was formed in 1949 to counter Soviet threats.

NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; this is a defensive military alliance formed in 1949, by 10 Western European nations.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania

This was a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Russians/ Soviet Union and other Eastern European

This was the Soviet response to NATO, a military alliance of communist nations.

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.

A Chinese politician, he founded the People’s Republic of China. Mao Zedong led China from 1949 till his death in 1976.

He was the communist leader who founded the People's Republic of China in

1949.

Jiang Jieshi

(1887-1975) Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party in China. Fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during World War II. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek.

He was a Chinese politician, who led the Republic of China. Jiehsa also led the Nationalist Party in China.

He was the nationalist leader of China who retreated to Taiwan.

cultural revolution

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.

This was an “Uprising” in China led by the Red Guards, they wanted to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

This Chinese movement sought to eliminate capitalist and traditional elements from society

38 parallel

the line of division between south and north korea

This line divided North and South Korea before and after the Korean War.

Name of a line that separates North Korea and South Korea. It became more relevant in the Korean war.

Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used guerilla warfare to fight anti-communist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

The president of North Vietnam in 1945-1969. His death in 1969 damaged chances for an early settlement of tensions between Vietnam and the United States.

He was the communist leader of North Vietnam.

Khmer Rouge

The communist movement that ruled Cambodia from 1975-1979. The Khmer Rouge government under Pol Pot was responsible for the Cambodian genocide which up to three million people were murdered.

brutal communist regime ruled Cambodia and committed genocide.

Fidel Castro

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

Political Leader of Cuba 1959-2008. He transformed his country to the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere.

He led the communist revolution in Cuba in 1959.

Daniel Ortega

a Nicaraguan guerrilla leader, a member of the Sandinista junta that took power in 1979, and the elected president of Nicaragua (1984–90, 2007).

A Nicaraguan Sandinista leader overthrew a U.S.-backed dictatorship.

Ayatollah Khomeini

leader led the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

Shiite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic Republic of Iran

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet leader that was involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis and de-Stalinization.

The first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. whose policy of de-Stalinization had widespread repercussions throughout the communist world.

Prime minister of Soviet union 1958- 1954.

Leonid Brezhnev

Soviet statesman and Communist Party official who was, leader of the Soviet Union for 18 years 1964-1982

Soviet leader created the Brezhnev Doctrine to justify intervention in

communist countries.

John F. Kennedy

A U.S. president that faced the Cuban Missile Crisis and supported the space race.

35th president of the United States (1961–63), who faced a number of foreign crises, especially in Cuba and Berlin. He was assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas.

Lyndon Johnson

U.S. president escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

36th president of the United States (1963–69). A Democrat and vice president in 1961 to Pres. John F. Kennedy. he became president in 1963 after the assassination of Kennedy.

Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon became the 37th president of the United States in 1969. After the Watergate scandal he resigned in 1974.

U.S. president implemented Vietnamization and visited China in 1972.

Ronald Reagan

U.S. president took a hard stance against the USSR and proposed the

Strategic Defense Initiative.

Ronald Reagan became the 40th president of the United states in 1981. He created the Reagan Doctrine which promoted anti communsm and limited the soviet influence during the cold war.

Margaret Thatcher

Margret Thatcher became the first woman to be prime minister of the UK in 1779. She promoted free market economy policies, built relations with the US, and introduced the community tax. She resigned in 1990.

She was the first female Prime Minister of the UK and a close ally of Reagan.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

He led India’s nonviolent struggle for independence from Britain.

Promant leader during India independence from Great Britian colonial rule.He promoted nonviolent protesting. He was assassonated in 1948.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Founder of Pakistan who made an impactful speech in 1948 that emphasized the importance of religious freedom and equality in Pakistan.

He was the founder of Pakistan and advocated for a Muslim homeland.

Jawaharlal Nehru

He became India’s first Prime Minister after independence in 1947.

Indian anti-colonist nationalist who led the Indian nationalist movement. Became the first independent prime minister of India in 1947.

Indira Gandhi

Elected prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977. Later assonated in 1980.

She was India’s first female Prime Minister and was assassinated in 1984.

Benazir Bhutto

She was the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan.

The 11th prime minister of Pakistan was elected in 1988. The first woman to be elected head of democracy in a Muslim-majority nation.

Corazon Aquino

She became president of the Philippines after Marcos was ousted.

11th president of Indonesia. Led the people's power revolution which overthrew Ferdinand Marcos in 1984.

Sukarno

He was the first president of independent Indonesia.

In 1845 just after Japan surendered in WWII) he declared Indonisia independent and became the first president of indonsia.

Kwame Nkrumah

-the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, is significant for leading the Gold Coast to independence in 1957, becoming a symbol of African liberation and a key figure in the Pan-African movement.

He led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957.

Jomo Kenyatta

Kenya's first Prime Minister (1963-1964) and President (1964-1978), was a pivotal figure in Kenya's independence movement and is considered the "Father of the Nation" for his role in transforming the country from a British colony to an independent republic.

He was the first president of independent Kenya.

Patrice Lumumba

He was the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo and was

assassinated in 1961.

a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from June until September 1960, following the May 1960 election. He was the leader of the Congolese National Movement from 1958 until his assassination in 1961. Was in the Cold War and because of cold war

Golda Meir

She was the first female Prime Minister of Israel.

She was an Israeli politician and served as the fourth prime minister (1969- 1974) and was Israel's first and only female head in government. Along with being the first woman to lead in the Middle East.

Anwar Sadat

was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt from 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 1981.

He was the first Arab leader to make peace with Israel.

Camp David Accords

a set of agreements signed in 1978 between Egypt and Israel, brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, that led to a 1979 peace treaty, the first between Israel and an Arab nation, ending decades of conflict.

These 1978 agreements led to peace between Egypt and Israel.

PLO

The Palestine Liberation Organization is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people.

organization represents the Palestinian people in their struggle for

statehood.

intifada

The term used to describe periods of intense Palestinian protest against Israel, mainly in the form of violent terrorism: The First Intifada from 1987-1990 and the Second Intifada from 2000-05.

This term describes Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation.

mujahideen

resistance groups gained prominence during the Soviet-Afghan War and played a key role in the eventual Soviet withdrawal and the subsequent Afghan Civil War

This term refers to Islamic fighters who resisted Soviet forces in Afghanistan.

Taliban

The Taliban adhere to a strict interpretation of Islamic law (Sharia) and have been known for their harsh rule and human rights abuses. A Sunni Islamist organization and militant group that formed the government of Afghanistan (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) and adhered to Al Qaeda and let them bomb the U.S.

This fundamentalist group took control of Afghanistan in the 1990s