UCSP (LESSON 2)

Society

• group of individuals with common culture, geographical location and government system.

• group of people who live together and interact with one another, and share common ways of life, beliefs, and systems

• Social Solidarity

• Shared Identity and Culture

• Common Language

• Large Population and Continuity

• Definite Geographical Area

• Political, Economic and Social Organization

6 Major elements of society

Social Solidarity

Members of society live and work together for mutual benefit

• Example: Neighbors helping one another during a typhoon or community clean-up

Shared Identity and Culture

Members share beliefs, values, traditions, practices and ways of behaving.

• Example: Filipinos celebrating Bayanihan, Christmas or Buwan ng Wika

Common Language

Members have a language or system that allows them to understand and interact with one another

• Example: Filipinos using Filipino

Large Population and Continuity

A society has a population large enough to sustain itself and succeeding generations

• Example: A community consists of different families

Definite Geographical Area

A society occupies a specific geographical territory or location

• Example: Barangay, municipality, province

Political, Economic, and Social Organization

Society has systems that organize how people govern themselves, produce and distribute resources, and interact with one another.

Example: The government creates laws, businesses

• Hunting and Gathering Society

• Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

• Agricultural Society

• Industrial Society

5 Major Types of Society

Hunting and Gathering Society

• earliest form of society

• people primarily depend on hunting animals and gathering wild plants, fruits and other available food

• Small populations

• Family and clan were important social units

• People often moved from one place to another

• Food was obtained directly from nature

Example: Early human communities that moved from place to place in search of food

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

• These societies developed as people gradually shifted toward a more settled way of life

• depended mainly on the cultivation of plants and domestication and raising of animals

Horticultural Society

depended mainly on the cultivation of plants

Pastoral Society

depended mainly on the domestication and raising of animals

Agricultural Society

= Farming + Permanent Settlements

The development and spread of agriculture around 10K years ago led to emergence of this society

People developed better farming techniques, more advanced tools and permanent settlements. Food production became more efficient

This development contributed to the rise of early civilizations, including those in Mesopotamia and China

Industrial society

= Machines + Factories + Urbanization

emerged with the Industrial Revolution

• Machines and technological advancements transformed the way goods were produced

Post-Industrial Society

= Knowledge + Technology + Innovation

transition begain during latter part of the 20th century

• Knowledge, information, technology, and innovation become increasingly important to economic growth and development

Culture

• set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices, knowledge, history, shared experiences, attitudes and material objects

• represents the shared way of life of a group of people

• It is learned, shared, and dynamic

Material Culture

tangible objects produced, used, shared and valued by members of society. Objects that reflect a society’s history, lifestyle, technology, traditions, beliefs and identity

• objects that have cultural significance

• Barong Tagalog

• Baro’t saya

• Bahay Kubo

• Jeepney

• Parol

Nonmaterial culture

intangible elements of culture

refers to beliefs, values, ideas, attitudes, traditions, social expectations