Anatomy Bones

Axis

floating ribs

no connection to sternum but do articulate with vertebrae

false ribs

indirect attachment to sternum; join 7th rib

true ribs

direct cartilage connections with sternum

sternum

manubrium

body of sternum

xiphoid process

breastbone; flat, elongated bone at the midline of the anterior portion of the thoracic cage; 3 parts

upper body articulates with clavicles

central part; weight-bearing portion

cartilaginous tip

body of vertebrae

vertebral foremen

spinous process

transverse process 

articular process

solid part; weight-bearing portion

opening for spinal cord

for attachment of ligaments and muscles of back

on either side for attachment of muscles 

form joints connecting the vertebrae

coccyx

tip/tail of vertebral column

sacrum

triangular structure that forms the base of the vertebral column

lumbar

vertebrae of lower back; have largest bodies because they recieve most of body’s weight

thoracic

vertebrae of chest; have areas for attachment of ribs 

cervical

atlas

axis

vertebrae of the neck; have large foramen and small body

cervical vertebra; no body supports the skull; 1st

cervical vertebra; forms a pivot around which the atlas; 2nd

vertebral column

held together by cartilage and ligaments, provides flexibility and support for the trunk and protects spinal cord 

hyoid bone 

in neck above the larynx; attachment for muscles of the tongue 

ossicles

3 bones of each middle ear; smallest bones of the skeleton

palatine

make up of hard palate

nasal bones

bridge of nose

mandible

lower jaw; only movable bones of the skull

lacrimal bones

smallest bones of the face; has opening for tear ducts

inferior nasal conchae

scroll-like, decline bones that from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity 

vomer

forms septum of nasal cavity

maxilla

upper jaw bones; join to form hard palate of roof of mouth

zygomatic bones

zygomatic arch

zygomatic process 

cheek bones

combination of temporal and zygomatic processes

extension of bones toward posterior; meets with temporal process to form zygomatic arch 

temporal

external auditory meatus

temporal process

sides and base of cranium; located around ears

opening to ear

extension of bone toward anterior; meets with zygomatic process to form zygomatic arch

ethmoid

located in front of the sphenoid bones; forms upper nasal region and helps to form nasal septum

sphenoid

sella turcica

central bones of the skull that forms part of anterior of cranium; forms part of the eye orbit; has a central part with two “wings”

fossa for pituitary gland

parietal bone

form roof of cranium; part of sides and top of cranium

occipital bone

foramen magnum

base of skull; back of cranium

opening for spinal cord

frontal bone

forehead and upper portion of each eye orbit

tarsal bones

talus 

calcaneus

(14) 7 rock-like bones in each ear 

broad-topped tarsal bones for articulation with bones of lower leg

heel bone; supports weight of body and is attachment muscles of calf

metatarsal bones 

(10) form the framework of the instep 5 each

patella

(2) kneecap; develops in tendon of front thigh muscle

fibula

(2) long, slender bone on lateral side of tibia

tibia

(2) shin; bigger bones of lower leg

femur

(2) thigh bone; longest bone in body

phalanges

(28) bones of the fingers and thumbs; 14 bones in each hand; each of 4 fingers has 3 phalanges and thumb has 2

metacarpals

(10) form the framework of palm; 5 each hand

carpals

(16) rock-like bones of wrist; 8 in each wrist

radius

(2) rotates over the ulna in lower arm; on side of hand with thumb

ulna

olecranon process

(2) longer bone along back of forearm; on side of the hand with the little finger; overlaps with thumbs

projection on upper end of ulna; articulates with numerous al olecranon fossa

humerus 

olecranon fossa

(2) long bone of upper arm; extends from scapula to elbow

depression on surface of the humerous for the ulna

clavicles

(2) collar bones; slender, rod-like bones with elongated s-shapes; articulate with manubrium of sternum and scapula; attachment for muscles

scapula

spine

acromion process

glenoid fossa

corocoid process

(2) shoulder blade; broad, triangular 

ridge on shoulder blades that divides posterior into unequal parts

flatten projection that overhangs shoulder joint; attachment site muscles of upper limbs and chest

rounded concave fossa head of humerus fits 

projects forward to clavicle; for attachment of muscles and ligaments of upper limbs and chest 

carpals

(16) rock-like bones of wrist; 8 in each wrist

ilium

iliac crest

large, upper portion of hip; flares outward forming prominence of hip

prominent ridge of ilium

ischium

posterior portion of pelvis; L-shaped

pubis (pubic bone)

the most anterior portion of the pelvis