Arcadia PA Summer 2022 Medical Terminology

Achlorhydria

absence of hydrochloric acid

Acromegaly

Enlargement of extremities due to increased secretion of growth hormone

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia

Malignant, immature lymphocytes (Lymphoblasts) multiple in the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic system

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Malignant, immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) multiply in the bone marrow and bloodstream

Adrenal virilism

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Amblyopia

Decreased vision acuity, lazy eye

Amnion

Innermost membrane surrounding embryo and fetus

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem that leads to progressive muscular paralysis (ALS)

Analgesia

Absence of sensitivity to pain

Anaplasia

Loss of differentiation of cells and reversion to a more primitive and unspecialized cell type

Anencephaly

Congenital condition of partial or complete absence of brain matter

Anisocoria

Unequal pupil size

Anisocytosis

Unequal sizes of RBC's

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

Ankylosis

Fusion of joint

Anosmia

Loss of sense of smell

Anovulatory

Pertaining to the absence of ovluation

Antrhacosis

Coal dust in the lungs (black lung disease)

Antigen

Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

Aphakia

Absence of lens in the eye

Aphthous stomatitis

Inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers (canker sores)

Apraxia

Inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects

Arthrotomy

Incision of a joint

Asphyxia

Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream leading to unconsciousness or death

Ataxia

Without coordination

Atheroma

Mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery

Atopic dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin with rash and intense itching

Atopy

Intense allergic reaction that is inherited

Atresia

Lack of a normal opening

Azoospermia

Lack of sperm in the semen

Azotemia

Excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood

Balanitis

Inflammation of glans penis

Benzodiazepines

Drugs used to treat anxiety and panic attacks

Biliary atresia

Congenital absence of the opening from common bile duct into small intestine

Blepharitis

Inflammation of an eyelid

Blepharoptosis

Sagging or drooping eyelid

Borborygmi

Rumbling or gurgling noises from digestive tract

Bronchiectasis

Abnormal condition of the lung in which bronchi become damaged and widened

Bronchitis

Inflammation of bonrchial tubes

Bulla

Large blister

Cachexia

General ill health, muscle wasting and weight loss

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel bone (calcaneus)

Calciferol

Active form of Vitamin D secreted by the kidneys

Caliceal

Pertaining to the calyx (region of of the renal pelvis)

Caliectasis

Dilation or widening of calyx

Carcinoma

Cancerous tumor

Cardiac glycoside

Drug that treats heart failure by increasing the force of contraction of the heart

Castration

Removal of sex glands

Catelcholamines

Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla

Causalgia

Intense burning pain, often resulting from injury to a peripheral nerve

Cephalic version

Procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is presenting to enter the birth canal first

Cerebellopontine

Pertaining to the cerebellum and pons

Cerebral concussion

Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

Cerumen

Earwax

Cervical dysplasia

Abnormal cell growth within the cervix

Cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix

Chalazion

Small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid

Chancre

Genital ulcer common formed during the primary stage of syphilis

Cheilosis

Abnormal condition of the lip

Cholangiectasis

Abnormal widening or dilation of bile vessel

Cholangiocarcinoma

Malignant tumor of bile vessels

Cholangiopancreatography

X-ray recording of bile vessels and pancreas using contrast

Cholecystojejunostomy

Formation of new opening between gallbladder and jejunum

Cholecystolithiasis

Abnormal condition of stones in gallbladder

Choledochectasia

Dilation of common bile duct

Choledocholithiasis

Abnormal condition of stones in common bile duct

Chondromalacia

Softening of cartilage

Chorioarcinoma

Malignant tumor of placenta

Chorion

Outermost membrane surrounding the developing fetus

Cicatrix

Scar tissue

Coagulation

Process of clotting

Colposcopy

Visual examination of the vagina with endoscope

Comedo

Clogged hair follicle

Conization

Removal of cone-shaped section of the cervix

Cortex

Outer region of an organ

Craniotome

Instrument to cut the skull

Cryptorchidism

Failure of one or both testes to descend at time of birth

Culdocentesis

Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac, which is a region in the lower abdomen midway between the rectum and the uterus

Cycloplegic

Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye

Cyclothymia

Patient experiences alternating states of depression and exhileration

Cytogenic analysis

Chromosomes or normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocations, or deletions of DNA

Daccryoadenitis

Inflammation of tear glands

Decubitus

Lying down

Dermabrasion

Treatment for removal of superficial scars or wrinkles on the skin

Dermatophytosis

Fungal infection of the skin

Dialysis

Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function

Dura Mater

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Dyscrasia

Blood disease

Dyspareunia

Painful intercourse

Dysphonia

Abnormal voice or sound produced when speaking

Dysplasia

Condition of abnormal formation

Dysplastic

Pertaining to abnormal formation or development of cells, not clearly malignant

Dysthymia

Depressive episodes, but not of the same intensity or duration as major depression

Dystocia

Difficult childbirth

Dystrophy

Condition of abnormal development

Electrodesiccation

Destruction of tissue by burning with an electric spark

Enterocolitis

Inflammation of the small intestine and colon

Enteroenterostomy

New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine

Enucleation

Removal of entire eyeball

Enuresis

Bedwetting