US History Study Review: Pre-Revolution to Independence

Flashcards covering pre-revolutionary tensions, colonial characteristics, British influences, and key events of the American War for Independence.

How did the French & Indian War lead to the American Revolution?

It was the only war to start in America and the British victory led them to directly tax the colonies to pay off war debts, sparking the cry of "No taxation, Without Representation."

What were the Writs of Assistance?

General search warrants that allowed British authorities to search whatever they wanted for any reason.

What did the Proclamation of $1763$ forbid?

It forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and placed that territory under British military control.

What did the Quartering Act require of colonists?

It required colonists to house and supply British soldiers stationed in North America.

What was the Stamp Act?

A tax on all printed material requiring a government stamp; it was later repealed after the Stamp Act Congress called for an economic boycott.

How did the colonies utilize a boycott as a form of protest?

Colonies protested by refusing to buy British goods.

What large city in the Middle Colonies became a central area of trade?

Philadelphia

Which colony did William Penn set up after buying additional beachfront property?

Delaware

What is the biggest characteristic of the Middle colonies?

Diversity

How did people in the Middle Colonies earn a living?

Merchants in big cities traded, while others grew grains and raised livestock.

What concept was introduced by the Magna Carta in $1215$?

Limited Government, established after King John I was forced to sign over taxing rights.

What freedoms were guaranteed by the English Bill of Rights?

A number of freedoms, such as Habeas Corpus, which prevents being held in jail without being charged.

What was Salutary Neglect?

The practice of virtual self-rule for more than $100$ years, allowed by geographic distance from England.

What was the Enlightenment?

An intellectual movement that challenged old ways of thinking about science, religion, and government.

What characterized the Great Awakening?

A religious movement that inspired individual thinking through an emotional approach to religion.

According to John Locke, what are the central elements of the Social Contract?

Protecting Life, Liberty, and Property, and the Right to Revolt.

What is the goal of Mercantilism?

Building wealth and power by exporting more goods; England used the colonies to make itself richer.

What did the Navigation Acts do?

They monopolized American trade by forbidding trade outside of the kingdom.

Who were the Loyalists (Tories)?

Colonists who stayed loyal to the crown.

What occurred during the Battle of Trenton?

George Washington crossed the Delaware River and surprised the Hessian army.

What was Benjamin Franklin's role in the War for Independence?

He was a colonial delegate sent to gain the support of the French army.

Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered the turning point of the war?

Horatio Gates defeated the British army in the North, leading France to agree to help the colonists.

Who was Lord Cornwallis?

The British general in charge of the southern campaign.

Which South Carolina guerilla warfare fighter was nicknamed the "Swamp Fox"?

Francis Marion

Which South Carolina guerilla warfare fighter was nicknamed the "Gamecock"?

Thomas Sumter

Who was the colonial leader that won the Battle of Vinnicines in the West?

George Rogers Clark

What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?

The British were defeated in the last decisive battle of the war by George Washington and the French fleet.