Neuroanatomy - 03 Spinal Cord/Sp Nerves/Sp Nerve Roots

slides not included/not much info from them in cards: 18,19,26-29, diagram on 32 and 40-49, no diagrams from 55-end

receives

the spinal cord generally __________ sensory information

integration

the spinal cord generally does __________ of motor commands from higher centers with sensory input

outputs

the spinal cord generally __________ to skeletal muscles and visceral organs (autonomic ns)

communication

the spinal cord generally does __________ between motor and sensory related neurons (reflex circuits)

projection

the spinal cord generally does __________ to higher centers (mostly sensory)

reception

the spinal cord generally does __________ from higher centers, including motor commands and sensory modulation

foramen magnum, L2

the spinal cord goes from ___________ to ____________

conus medullaris

the spinal cord terminates as the _______________

6-12, 42-45

the spinal cord is about ___ mm wide, and ____ cm long

C5-T1

axons from spinal nerves at levels _____-_____ form the brachial plexus (UE)

L1-S4

axons from spinal nerves at levels _____-_____ form the lumbosacral plexus (LE)

upper

white matter of the spinal cord is larger in the (lower/upper) portion

axons are exiting as spinal nerves

the spinal cord decreases in size going down because _______________________________

fissure

which is larger, a fissure or a sulcus?

ventral median fissure

the sulcal branch of anterior spinal artery sits in the ________________ (landmark)

ventral lateral sulci

motor axons exit to form the ventral root at the __________________ (landmark)

dorsal lateral sulci

sensory axons enter the spinal cord at the ___________________ (landmark)

dorsal intermediate sulci

the ________________________ separates the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus

gracilis

the fasciculus ________ is axons bringing sensory info from the LE

cuneatus

the fasciculus ________ is axons bringing sensory info from the UE

all of spinal cord

the fasciculus gracilis is found (only above T6/all of spinal cord)

only above T6

the fasciculus cuneatus is found (only above T6/all of spinal cord)

only above T6

the dorsal intermediate sulci are found (only above T6/all of spinal cord)

somatic afferent

in the dorsal root, general _____________ fibers communicate touch/feel (proprioceptive/exteroceptive)

visceral afferent

in the dorsal root, general _____________ fibers communicate from the organs (interoceptive)

dorsal root ganglion

the ________________ near the spinal cord contains cell bodies of pseudounipolar outside the CNS

lateral

the ________ division of the dorsal root is made of smaller fibers that are usually not very myelinated and enter the spinal cord more __(same)__; both GSA (nociceptive and thermal) and GVA present

nociception

_________ means relating to the perception or sensation of pain

medial

the ________ division of the dorsal root is made of larger fibers that are mod-heavily myelinated and enter the spinal cord more __(same)__; GSA (proprioception) discriminative touch

glutamate, substance p, calcitonin gene related protein or CGRP

neurotransmitters and neuromodulators for the dorsal nerve roots are ________, _________ and _________________ (for synapses)

motor, somatic efferent; preganglionic autonomic general visceral

the ventral root contains axons from ______ neurons which are general _____ _____ and axons from ________ neurons which are general _____ _____ (this card needs to be updated)

acetylcholine or ACh

neurotransmitter for the ventral nerve roots (both types of axons) is ____________

F; hundreds of axons

T/F: each spinal nerve root contains one axon

T

T/F: the ventral spinal nerve root mostly contains efferent axons of motoneurons

afferent

sensory information to the spinal cord is (afferent/efferent)

efferent

motor information to the spinal cord is (afferent/efferent)

SAME DAVE

an acronym to remember which types of fibers and which nerve roots are efferent or afferent is _____ _____

T

T/F: spinal nerves have both motor and sensory axons

intervertebral foramina

the spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through the ______________

meningeal, communicating, dorsal primary rami, ventral primary rami

spinal nerve sends of _______ branches and _________ rami (ANS) before bifurcating into ____________ and _____________

C1-C4

the cervical plexus is at the levels of ___-___

C4/5 - T1/2

the brachial plexus is at the levels of ___-___

T12-S4

the lumbosacral plexus is at the level of ___-___

S4-Co

the coccygeal plexus is at the levels of ___-____nerve

above

cervical spinal nerves C1-7 exit (above/below) the named vertebrae

below

cervical spinal nerve C8 exit (above/below) the C7 vertebrae

below

spinal nerve levels T1 and down exit (above/below) the named vertebrae

gray

the _____ matter of the spinal cord is made of neuronal cell bodies, their dendrites and initial parts of axons, and axon terminals

white

the _____ matter of the spinal cord is made of axons both myelinated and umyelinated

T

T/F: both the white matter and gray matter of the spinal cord have glial cells

deep

in the spinal cord, the gray matter is more (superficial/deep)

superficial

in the spinal cord, the white matter is more (superficial/deep)

F; proportion varies by level of spinal cord

T/F: the proportion of white to gray matter is the same throughout the spinal cord

horns

the gray matter of the spinal cord has ventral, dorsal, and intermediate ______

interneurons, sensory

the most numerous type of neuron in the dorsal horn of the gray matter is ___________ that receive ______ input from both GSA and GVA

T

T/F: interneurons in the dorsal horn of gray matter and part of reflex arcs

3

it takes __ neurons to convey sensory information to the cerebral cortex

F; it doesn’t

T/F: the gray matter of the spinal cord goes the whole way to the edges

dorsal

the (ventral/dorsal) horn receives and processes sensory input

anterior white commissure

fibers, mostly from axons of dorsal horn cells, can cross the midline of the spinal cord via the ____________ ; those fibers primarily form the ascending tract/anterolateral system going to higher levels of the CNS

IX or 9

ventral horn lamina/motor cell column L __ is primarily motoneurons

VIII or 8

ventral horn lamina/motor cell column L __ is primarily involved in intersegmental processing

I or 1

dorsal horn lamina/motor cell column L __ is the posteromarginal nucleus

II or 2

dorsal horn lamina/motor cell column L __ is the substantia gelatinosa

IV and V OR 4 and 5

dorsal horn lamina/motor cell columns L ___ and ___ are the nucleus proprius

VI or 6

dorsal horn lamina/motor cell column L __ is Clark’s nucleus

1-6

the dorsal horn lamina/motor cell columns are L___-___

8-9

the ventral horn lamina/motor cell columns are L___-___

VII

the intermediate zone lamina/motor cell columns is L ___

T1-L2

the interomedial lateral nucleus (cell column) is present between the levels of ____-____

proprioception

the intermediate horn of gray matter does _____________ via GSA

C8-L2

the posterior thoracic nucleus/dorsal nucleus of Clarke/Clarke’s Column is present between the levels of ____-____

posterior, lateral, and anterior funiculi

the general divisions of white matter in the spinal cord are the _____, ______, and ______ _________

posterolateral tract of lissauer

the _____________________ is white matter posterior to the posterior/dorsal horn where fibers ascend or descend in the spinal cord before terminating; made of primarily sensory fibers for pain, temp, and some touch

spinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic, spinohypothalamic

the anterolateral system, located in the anterior and lateral funiculi, includes these tracts: ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________

spinothalamic

the ____________ tract of the anterolateral system is for pain, temp, and light non-discriminative touch, originates contralateral in the posterior horn, decussated at the AWC at or near the level of origin, and terminates in the thalamus

cuneatus

the fasciculus (gracilis/cuneatus) tract is more lateral

spinocerebellar

the _____________ tracts do "unconscious” proprioception

posterior spinocerebellar

the ____________________ tract carries information from the ipsilateral LE; originates from the thoracic nucleus of C8-L2, terminates in the ipsilateral cerebellum

anterior spinocerebellar

the ______________________ tract carries information from the contralateral LE; originates from the LV-VII of lumbar regions, decussates in AWC, terminates by decussating again before entering cerebellum, so ipsilateral cerebellum

descending

the lateral corticospinal tract is a/n (ascending/descending) tract

lateral corticospinal

the ________________ tract is in the posterior medial portion of the lateral funiculus and functions in voluntary motor and modulation of sensory info

contralateral

the lateral corticospinal tract originates from the (contralateral/ipsilateral) cerebral cortex

pyramids of caudal medulla

the lateral corticospinal tract decussates at the _______ __ _____ _____

lateral corticospinal

the _________________ tract terminates in the anterior/ventral horn for motor related, and posterior/ dorsal horn for sensory related

anterior corticospinal

the ________________ tract is located in the anterior funiculus, contains fibers that did not cross midline in the medulla, and primarily controls trunk muscles

doesn’t

a monosynaptic reflex (does/doesn’t) use an interneuron

does

a polysynaptic reflex (does/doesn’t) use an interneuron