investigation 9
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45 Terms
compressibility
a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under a certain amount of pressure
boyle’s law
when the temperature and number of particles in a gas are held constant, the volume varies inversely with the pressure
charles’s law
the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the pressure is held constant
absolute zero
the temperature at which all motion stops
gay-lussac’s law
the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is proportional to its temperature if the volume
combined gas law
described the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature when the amount of gas is held constant
avogadro’s law
the relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of moles
ideal gas law
the relationship among the number of moles, pressure, volume, and temperature
isobaric process
a closed system for which the pressure is held constant
isovolumetric process
a closed system process for which the volume is held constant
isothermal process
a closed system process that is held at constant temperature
intensive property
properties that do not change based on the scale, or size of a gas
extensive property
properties that do change based on the scale, or size of a gas
partial pressure
the contribution each gas makes to the total pressure
dalton’s law
the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases
diffusion
the tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform
effusion
a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container
graham’s law or effusion
the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s molar mass
saturated vapor pressure
the maximum pressure of water vapor in the air
dew point
the temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor
relative humidity
the percent ratio of actual water vapor partial pressure to the saturated vapor pressure
how does an increase/decrease in temperature, volume, and number of particles affect the pressure of a gas?
an increase in temperature increases pressure while a decrease in temperature decreases pressure
an increase in volume decreases pressure while a decrease in volume increases pressure
an increase in the number of particles of a gas will increase pressure while a decrease in the number of particles of a gas will decrease pressure
what is the unit used for pressure in an ideal gas law equation
kPa
what is the unit used for volume in an ideal gas law equation
L
what is the unit used for temperature in an ideal gas law equation
K
how do real gases deviate from ideal gases
real gases have a volume that should be considered whereas ideal gasses assume gases have a negligible volume. real gases also have attractive forces whereas ideal gases assume there is no attractive forces.
what are some examples of intensive properties
density, color, boiling point, hardness, temperature
what are some examples of extensive properties
mass, energy, enthalpy, weight, length
whose law is this? solve the equation.
a gas with a volume of 5.00 L at a pressure of 200 kPa is allowed to expand to a volume of 12.0 L. what is the pressure in the container if the temperature remains constant?
boyle’s law
83.3 kPa
whose law is this? salve the equation.
if i have 5.6 liters of gas in a piston at a pressure of 1.5 atm and compress the gas until its volume is 4.8 L, what will the new pressure inside the piston be?
boyle’s law
1.75 atm
whose law is this? solve the equation.
flourine gas exerts a pressure of 900 torr. when the pressure is changed to 1125 torr, the volume changes to 250 m3.
boyle’s law
312.5 m3
whose law is this? solve the equation.
if a sample of gas at 6.80 L at 325 degrees celcius expands to 8.5 L, what will the mew temperature be in degrees celcius?
charles’s law
474.5 degrees celcius
whose law is this? solve the equation.
a man heats a balloon in the oven. if the balloon initially has a volume of 0.40 kiloliters and a temperature of 293 K, what will the new volume of the balloon be after he heats it to a temperature of 530 K?
charles’s law
0.72 kL
whose law is this? solve the equation.
a balloon starts at a volume of 2.3 m3. if the initial temperature is 298 K, what is the final temperature of the balloon if it expands to 4.00 m3?
charles’s law
518.3 K
whose law is this? solve the equation.
a gas originally at a temperature of 100 degrees celcius and a pressure of 4 atm increases its temperature to 225 degrees celcius. what is its new pressure?
gay-lussac’s law
5.3 atm
whose law is this? solve the equation.
a gas thermometer measures temperature by measuring the pressure of a gas inside the fixed volume container. a thermometer reads a pressure of 248 kPa. when heated to 250 K, the thermometer reads a pressure of 345 kPa. what is the initial temperature?
gay-lussac’s law
179.7 K
whose law is this? solve the equation.
if a gas in a closed container is pressurized from 15.0 atm to 16.0 atm and its original temperature was 25.0 degrees celcius, what would the final temperature of the gas be?
gay-lussac’s law
317.87 K
what law is this? solve the equation.
a 4.5 L air sample has a pressure of 110 kPa at a temperature of -50 degrees celcius. if the volume is decreased to 3.0 L and the pressure is raised to 120 kPa, what will the new temperature be?
combined gas law
162.2 K
what law is this? solve the equation.
i have a 2900 kL of a gas at a pressure of 50 kPa and a temperature of 323 K. if the volume is decreased to 2000 kL and the pressure is decreased to 20 kPa, what is the final temperature of the gas?
combined gas law
89.1 K
what law is this? solve the equation.
i initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, volume of 23 L, and a temperature of 200 K. i raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300 K. what is the new volume of the gas?
combined gas law
29.57 L
what law is this? solve the equation.
a container contains 45 grams of chlorine. if the temperature of the container is 55 degrees celcius and the pressure is 120 kPa, what is the volume of the container?
ideal gas law
14 L
what law is this? solve the equation.
if i have chlorine gas at a pressure of 101.3 kPa, volume of 31 liters, and a temperature of 87 degrees celcius. how many grams of gas do i have?
ideal gas law
74.34 L
what law is this? solve the equation.
if i have 4 moles of gas at a pressure of 567 kPa and a volume of 12 liters, what is the temperature?
ideal gas law
204.69 K
whose law is this? solve the equation.
a gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide has a total pressure of 35 kPa. If PO2 = 6.6 kPa, and PN2 = 23 kPa, what is PCo2?
dalton’s law
5.4 kPa
whose law is this? solve the equation.
calculate the ratio of the rate of effusion between hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas.
graham’s law
hydrogen gas will diffuse 4.5 times faster than carbon dioxide