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Infinite loops
Occurs when the expression in a while loop never evaluates to false. The program continues to run infinitely.
break
Breaks out of a while loop and executes statements that immediately follow while loop.
return
Keyword used in methods to return a value back to the initial program that called the method.
Off by One Error
When a for loop iteration is off by one too many or one too few.
charAt(int index)
charAt(int index) returns the character at the specified index.
Nested Loops
When a loop is placed within another loop. The total number of runs for a nested loop will be the outer loop * inner loop.
Algorithm
Step-by-step process that solves a problem.
Statement execution count
The number of times a statement is executed by the program.
Big-O-Notation
A way to represent how long an algorithm will take to execute. It helps to determine how efficient different approaches to solving a problem are.
Note 
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