Ball state history 150 Exam 3 Ed

Prince Henry the Navigator

member of the Royal family, lots of money, fourth son of King Portugal, Super christian, his goal is to travel the world converting heathens (non-christians in india) to christianity

"God and Gold"

Henry the Navigators slogan because he knows their will be money

"Passage to India"

Looking for a route to India for spices

Christopher Columbus

Italian, employed by spain , very christian
social climber
Got a girl pregnant but she was below him so he left to discover a new world

John & Sebastian Cabot

1448: Era of exploration, founded Newfoundland

Medieval/Hierarchical universe

Regarded science as the universe not science:
Hierarchical:
1. god/heaven
2. Earth/us
-everything improves as we move toward the heavens or away from earth

Nicolas Copernicus

(1473-1543), devoutly christian
-sun+center
-heliocenter theory, his research

Geocentric theroy

sun/ planets travel around the earth

Heliocentric theory

-earth/other plants travel around the sun

Galilei Galileo

(1564-1642)
-very close to the ope/devout christian
-wants to do nothing more than prove the glory of god
-builds his own telescope
-wants to investigate the heavenly bodies in hopes to prove hierarchal universe
-says everything is in constiant, meaning no hierarchy, pope kill him

Telescope

Created by Galilei Galileo

Isaac Newton

from england
not religious
invents calculus
Universal laws
-physics (works everywhere in the universe)

Newton's law

god= no longer "active" in day-day lives
universe has order

Diests/Deism

-universe has order
believe that god exist
god "the clock master"
universe is a giant clock that god created

"science of man"

idea of separating god and state, all of newtons scientific discoveries applied to humanity

The Enlightenment

area of discovery

Philosophes

physolophers , in charge of the enlightenment, main place paris. created the first encyclopedia

Tyranny

FEAR taking away someones liberty, constant vigilance

Thomas Hobbes

(1588-1675)
pessimist
human race is selfish
need an absolute ruler

John Locke

-longest lasting influence, optimist- naturally goof, help other
-gov't
-has the right to live
- liberty
-property
people are responsibility to raise-up against if the needs aren't met

Constant Vigilance

tyranny (extremely paranoid about what is going on)

Adam Smith

-wrote the wealth of nations

Wealth of Naitons

Book written by Adam Smith, modern capitalism. Spain running out of money, england is vibrant on trade.

Seven Years Wars

1756-1763
england and france
all around the world , define the world order,

French and Indian Wars

British vs. french and indian . James Wolfe -short, bald mole, super intelligent. "cut off the head, body will die" England wins all of america

Thomas Jefferson

writes dec. of independence 1776, point of no return
lockean
people are aware that slaver is wrong

American Revolution

american war for independence
won because america is broke, doesn't want to get in another war with france

First Estate

-clergy
-priests,bishops, catholic
-members of "nobility" - ARE NOT TAXED, property

"free gift"

the second estate could purchase gifts for the government instead of paying tax

`Second Estate

-nobility
-not taxed

nobles of the sword

trace hereditage

nobles of the robe

purchased, wealthy tax. 450,000 and 1st and 2nd estates

Third Estate

has three branches

Bourgeroisie

"middle class"
Wealth-out of title (wine etc.), intelligence, part of enlightenment, ideas of John Locke, landless

Peasantry

21 million , mostly farmers, profit- non-violent,

taxed the most, turns peasants against government

Urban Laborers

-city workers
-paris
landless
financially disadvantaged

Estates General

member of 1st and 2nd =610 people . some members of 2nd called liberal nobility, very wise-allied with 3rd. June 1789 created the national assembly

Tennis Court Oath

june 2o 1789 national assembly can't get in, BEING LOCKED OUT. walk across the street to a tennis court. NOBODY CAN LOCK US OUT OF JUSTICE

The Bastille

urban laborer show their support of the national assembly by storming the bastille

The Great Fear

Peasant uprising= "burning" burn legal documents, between lord and peasants burn churches, house wherever the documents could be found

Declaration of the Rights of MAn

creating document orders, declaration of rights of humans *liberty, equality, fraternity(unity) removes special privileges
artsicracy shares money

sans-culottes

"birth over wealth" but now... wealth over work

la patrie

no matter where you are from you're french, one for all becomes modern nationalism

Congress of Vienna

discuss how to rebuild western europe (1814-1815)

Klemens von Metternich

prince, austro-hunararian empire
*dominant
nationalities: autrain an hungarian, bohenmians, chequests.
nationalism, leads to independence movements

austro-Hungarian EMpire

austrian and hungarian

Robert Stewart

-England, lord, against liberalism, wisent. Realist "fair to france"
-need agriculture, business and military

Tsar Alexander I

Russia, unprotected nation. he is stuck in the middle ages,
*says need christian authority
-backward but powerful nation

Concert of Europe

four most important nations try to main peace in western europe (quadruple alliance)

Quadruple Alliance

England, Austro-Hungarian empire, Russia and Prussia

"the Long Century:

19th century

Liberalism

ideas from american revolution, power from aristocracy& giving it to people who earned it

Industrial Revolution

things are made, cultures are developed

Western European industrialization

-IR begins her, simply wealthier, competition,
rise in population=workers living in Westren Europe
healthy
cultural history

British industrialization

headquaters for IR

Factory system

Entrepreneurism , development of the factory town

James Watt

created the steam engine, during the

Steam Engine

railroads! (trains) coal mining becomes safer

Iron industry

since trains increase, you have an increase of metal

Coal mining

coal mining becomes safer

Child Labor

because increase of employment, you have child worker-cause they work of less then your average worker

"Holy Monday"

people got so drunk sunday night that they couldn't go to work monday

Greek independence

-greek shouldn't be under foreign rule (ottoman empire)

Italian unification

is not strong under the 19th century,
group of regions that were divided up by papal states
-SHOULD BE UNITED

King Emmanuel 1

1861: Italy is united with the blessing of western europe King Emmanuel 1 oversees this

German Confederation

speaking people have always been divided. all negative not peaceful

Battle of Jena

prussa was defeated by Napoleon, but pmrusaa becomes more powerful after this defeat

Junkers

german aristocrats
- most important and want to unit under german speaking religion

Otto von Bismarck

canceler of germany (prussia) "iron chancellor"
- engage in external wars to gain allies, common heard to unit.
picks a fight with Denmark

Iron Chancellor

nick name for Otto con Bismark

Denmark-Prussian War

1864 for schlesiurs, holstein. Set the tone the that Prussia will be aggressive. began the process of linking country

Austro-Prussian War

1866: because he wants to get all the german speaking countries. last 7 weeks, prussia wins,

Northern German Confederations

all the german speaking regions that are loyal to prussia

Napoleon 111

has no desire to fight prussia after their defeat of austria, sends otto war bismarck a telegram. Bismark sabotages the telegram .

Franco-Prussic War

prussia wins, but this unites southern germans and northern germany

Versailles (paris)

january 18, 1871- germany the nation is created, at palace of versailles