INTRO TO COMPUTING - MODULE 7 & 8

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT REVIEWER

Computer Network

Is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users.

Network Topology

The arrangement of a network which comprises of nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver.

Bus Topology

It is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single cable. It transmits the data from one end to another in single direction. No bi-directional feature is in bus topology.

Ring Topology

forms a ring connecting all devices with its exactly two neighboring devices.

Star Topology

All the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the
central node.

Active Hub

The hub can be passive in nature i.e. not intelligent
hub such as broadcasting devices, at the same time the hub can be
intelligent and has repeaters on them known as __________

Mesh Topology

Every device is connected to another device via particular channel.

Hybrid Topology

Is a collection of two or more topologies which are described above.

Internet

It is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)

It allows scientists at different physical locations to share
information and work together and function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

It oversees research and sets guidelines and standards.

Internet2

It connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network.

Access Provider

It is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.

Regional ISP

It provides Internet access to a specific geographical area.

National ISP

It provides Internet access in cities and towns nationwide.

Domain Name

It is the text version of an IP address.

IP Address

It is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

DNS Server

It translates the domain name into its associated IP address.

Web

It consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents.

Web Site

It is a collection of related Web pages and associated items.

Web Server

It is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.

Web 1.0

It was a read-only, you can only use it to look for information.

Web 2.0

It refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact.

Browser

It allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs.

Home Page

It is the first page that a Web site displays

URL

A Web page has a unique address called a ______________

Downloading

It is the process of receiving information

Tabbed Browsing

It allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window

Search Engine

Finds information related to a specific topic

Subject Directory

It Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

Instant Search Box

Some Web browsers contain an _____________to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search text

Multimedia

It refers to any application that combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video and virtual reality.

Graphic

It is a digital representation of non-text information

Thumbnail

It is a small version of a larger graphic

Animation

It is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Audio

It includes music, speech, or any other sound

Player Streaming

You listen to audio on your computer using a ___________ is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow

Video

It consists of images displayed in motion

Virtual Reality

It is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space

Plug-in

It is a program that extends the capability of a Web browse

Web Publishing

It is the development and maintenance of Web pages

E-mail

It is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network

E-mail Program

It allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages

Mailing List

It is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name

Subscribing

It adds your e-mail name and address

Unsubscribing

It removes your name

Instant Messaging

It is a real-time Internet communications service

Chat

It is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer

Chat Room

It is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other

VoIP

It enables users to speak to other users over the Internet.

Newsgroup

It is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject.

Message Board

It is a Web-based type of discussion group

FTP

It is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet

Computer Security Risk

Action that causes loss of or damage to computer system

Virus

It is a potentially damaging computer program

Worm

It copies itself repeatedly, using up resources and possibly shutting down computer or network

Trojan Horse

It hides within or looks like legitimate program until triggered

Payload Destructive Event

That is delivered when you open file, run infected program, or boot computer with infected disk in disk drive.

Macros

It can be a small program, or script, that automates common tasks. These scripts are usually run within other programs

Antivirus Program

It identifies and removes computer viruses and most also protect against worms and Trojan horses

Virus Signature

It is a specific pattern of virus code and also called the virus definition

Denial of Service Attack

It is an assault which disrupts computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail

Back Door

It is a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls when accessing a computer resource

Spoofing

It makes a network or Internet transmission appear legitimate

Firewall

It is a security system consisting of hardware and/or software that prevents unauthorized intrusion

Personal Firewall Utility

It is a program that protects personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusion, monitors transmissions to and from computer and informs you of attempted intrusion

Audit Trail

It records access attempts

Access Control

It defines who can access computer & what actions they can take

Intrusion Detection Software

It analyzes network traffic, assesses system vulnerabilities, and identifies intrusions and suspicious behavior

User name

It is a unique combination of characters that identifies user

Password

It is private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to computer resources

Biometric Device

It authenticates person’s identity using personal characteristic

Hardware Theft

It is act of stealing computer equipment

Hardware Vandalism

It is act of defacing or destroying computer equipment

Software Theft

It is act of stealing or illegally copying software or intentionally erasing programs

License Agreement

It gives right to use software, and a single-user license agreement allows user to install software on one computer, make backup copy, and sell software after removing from computer

Product Activation

It allows user to input product identification number online or by phone and receive unique installation identification number

Business Software Alliance (BSA)

It promotes better understanding of software piracy problems

Encryption

A safeguard against information theft and process of converting plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (unreadable characters)

Secure Site

It is Web site that uses encryption to secure

Digital Certificate

It is notice that guarantees Web site is legitimate

Certificate Authority

Authorized person or company that issues and verifies digital certificates

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Provides encryption of all data that passes between client and Internet server

Noise

A unwanted electrical signal

Undervoltage

It drops in electrical supply

Overvoltage/Power Surge

A significant increase in electrical power

Surge Protector

It protects computer and equipment from electrical power disturbance

System Failure

Prolonged malfunction of computer

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

It is a surge protector that provides power during power loss

Backup

Duplicate of file, program, or disk

Full Backup

All files in computer

Selective Backup

It selects which files to back up