Unit 1: Understanding Globalization - Framing, Debates, and Perspectives

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering concepts, definitions, perspectives, theoretical paradigms, and misconceptions of globalization from the lecture notes.

How does Anthony Giddens define globalization?

As the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.

According to Grupo de Lisboa, why are internationalization and multinationalization considered phases preceding globalization?

Because globalization heralds the end of the state system as the nucleus of human activity.

How did Ronald Robertson (1992) define globalization?

As a concept referring both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole.

How does Manfred Steger differentiate expansion from intensification in globalization?

Expansion refers to the creation of new social networks and multiplication of existing connections across boundaries, while intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks.

What is 'Globality' as defined in the lecture?

A social condition characterized by tight economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows, making currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant.

What is the 'Global Imaginary'?

A concept referring to people's growing consciousness of belonging to a global community.

What is Scholte's definition of 'supra-territoriality'?

Social connections that transcend territorial geography and render borders and barriers irrelevant.

What are the six core claims of globalization as an ideology?

1. Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets; 2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible; 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization; 4. Globalization benefits everyone in the long run; 5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world; 6. Globalization requires a global war on terror.

Who espoused the World Systems Paradigm, and when does it trace the origin of globalization?

Immanuel Wallerstein espoused the paradigm, viewing globalization as virtually synonymous with the birth and spread of capitalism around c. 1500.

What are the three level hierarchies in Immanuel Wallerstein's World Systems Paradigm?

1. Core (superpower/developed states); 2. Periphery (underdeveloped/colonized states); 3. Semi-Periphery (developing states in transition between core and periphery).

Which regions constitute the Core Nations in Wallerstein's World Systems Paradigm?

Western Europe, North America, and Japan.

In Sklair's Theory of the Global System, what is the Transnational Capitalist Class (TCC)?

A new class bringing together corporate executives of transnational corporations, globalizing bureaucrats, politicians, professionals, and consumerist elites in media and commercial sectors.

What three planks compose William I. Robinson's Theory of Global Capitalism?

Transnational production, transnational capitalists, and transnational state.

According to Manuel Castells in 'The Rise of the Network Society', what are the three key features of the new economy?

1. Informational and knowledge-based; 2. Global, with production organized on a global scale; 3. Networked, where productivity is generated through global networks.

How does David Harvey define Time-Space Compression?

The compression of geographic space produced by the dynamics of capitalist development by means of faster transport and communication.

Which three cities does Saskia Sassen highlight as Global Cities?

London, New York, and Tokyo.

How does Robert Robertson define 'Glocalization'?

The simultaneity—the co-presence—of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies.

What are the four components of George Ritzer's McDonaldization of society?

Efficiency, Calculability, Predictability, and Control.

What are the three main misconceptions about globalization identified by Jan Aart Scholte?

1. Globalization as Internationalization; 2. Globalization as Liberalization; 3. Globalization as Universalization and Westernization.

How does the lecture differentiate globalization from internationalization?

Globalization refers to global economic integration into one global economy transcending national borders, whereas internationalization refers to activities and relations between or among distinct nations with reference to national borders.

What are Arjun Appadurai's five 'SCAPES' of multiple globalizations?

Ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, financescapes, and ideoscapes.

What is the difference between Equity and Social Justice in the context of equality?

Equity recognizes that people do not all start from the same place and requires making adjustments to imbalances, whereas Social Justice dictates that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities.

What are the two forms of Rejectionism described as responses to globalization?

Reserved Rejectionism (awaiting the right time and opportunity to respond) and Closed Rejectionism (close-minded rejection without room for convincing).