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広がる(ひろがる・ひろがります)
(something) to spread (out), extend, fill
手伝い(てつだい)
help
解く(とく)
to solve, untie, unsew (something)
許す(ゆるす)
to permit; to forgive (something)
開始(かいし)
start
与える(あたえる・あたえます)
to give; to bestow (something)
主張(しゅちょう)
claim; assertion
使用(しよう)
use
供給(きょうきゅう)
supply
信用(しんよう)・する
confidence; trust; faith
備える(そなえる)
to prepare; to equip with
勧める(すすめる・すすめます)
to recommend (something)
受け取る(うけとる・うけとります)
to receive; to accept (something)
含む(ふくむ)
to contain; to include; to embrace (something)
問い(とい)
question
宝(たから)
treasure
尊敬(そんけい)
respect (to look up to someone with admiration)
尊重(そんちょう)
respect; regard (to value, honor, & protect someone's ideas, choices, rights)
強調(きょうちょう)
emphasis
応じる(おうじる・おうじます)
(something) responds; complies with; satisfies…
敬意(けいい)
formal respect; courtesy (you show others)
止す(よす)
to stop; to quite; to lay off (doing)
気付く(きづく)
(someone) notices; realizes; perceives; becomes aware of …
滞在(たいざい)・する
stay
現れる(あらわれる・あらわれます)
(someone/something) appears; come in sight; materializes
用いる(もちいる・もちいます)
to use; make use of; utilize (something)
用心(ようじん)・する
care; caution
夜に一人で歩くなら、もっと用心したほうがいい。
If you’re going to walk alone at night, you should be more careful.
〜なら;if that’s the case… [reccomendation, advice, request]
〜たほうがいい:should; had better (avoid with superiors)
申し込む(もうしこむ)
to apply for (smth), to propose (marriage); to request (an interview); to subscribe for; to book/reserve
来週のイベントに申し込んでみるつもりです。
I plan to try applying for next week’s event.
〜てみる:to try doing (verb)
〜つもり:intend to; plan to (personal intention/goal)
〜予定:fixed schedule; arrangements made (formal)
疑う・疑います(うたがう)
to doubt; to suspect (smth/someone)
彼の話は本当のように見えたので、誰も疑わなかった。
His story seemed like it was true, so nobody suspected him.
〜[N]のように・[plain V/い-A]ようだ・[な-A]なようだ:looks/seems like… logical conclusions and observations based on reasoning, indirect evidence, or experience…
〜(が)見える: to be visible, to seem, to be in sight…
〜ので:because; since (objective & factual, more polite, gentle, and softer than 〜から)
直接(ちょくせつ)・な
direct; immediate; personal, firsthand
分からないことがあれば、先生に直接聞けばいいですよ。
If there’s something you don’t understand, you can just ask the teacher directly.
A〜ばいい:it would be good to… [A]
A〜ばいいのに:despite it being good if it were… [A]
破る・破ります(やぶる)
to tear; to break (something)
約束を何度も破ってはいけません。
You mustn’t break promises over and over.
〜てはいけない:must not; cannot
何度も:many times; repeatedly
示す(しめす)
to show; to demonstrate (something)
この結果は、努力が大切だということを示している。
These results show that effort is important.
〜ている:ongoing state/result
〜ということ(ってこと):the fact that; that…
繋ぐ(つなぐ)
to connect; to link together (something)
二つの町を繋ぐことができれば、もっと便利になるでしょう。
If we can connect the two towns, it will probably become more convenient.
〜できれば・できたら:if possible (start of sentences)
〜でしょう:probably; I think; right? (more polite than 〜だろう)
裏切る・裏切ります(うらぎる)
to betray (someone); to go back on; to be unfaithful (to)
友達を裏切るようなことは、絶対にするべきではない。
You should absolutely never do something that would betray a friend.
〜べきではない:should not, must not; ought not to
〜ようなこと:something like; something that… (an action/way of doing (ex. friendship) that brings a specific outcome)
覆う(おおう)
to cover; to hide; to conceal (something)
雪が町全体を覆いそうです。
It looks like the snow is about to cover the entire town.
V-stem + そう:highlights way things ‘appear/seem,’ observations; describes something that looks like its’ about to happen
認める・認めます(みとめる)
to recognize; to approve; to allow (smth)
先生は私の努力を認めてくれました。
My teacher recognized my efforts (for me).
〜てくれる:someone does something beneficial for me/us; appreciative tone
避ける・避けます(さける)
to avoid (physical contact with; situation, question; subject…)
健康のために、夜遅く食べるのは避けたいです。
For my health, I want to avoid eating late at night.
〜たい:want to…
[verb-short] 〜のは:turns the action into a noun-like topic
重視(じゅうし)・する
regard as important
この会社は経験だけでなく、人とのコミュニケーションも重視しています。
This company values not only experience but also communication with people.
〜だくでなく〜も:not only… but also…
防ぐ(ふせぐ)
to prevent; to defend against; to avoid (something)
事故を防ぐために、毎朝3回も安全を確認します。
To prevent accidents, we check safety as many as three times every morning.
Number + も:as many as; emphasizing a surprisingly large number
除く(のぞく)
to remove; to exclude (smth)
この料理は税金を除いて五千円です。
This fee is 5,000 yen, excluding tax.
〜を除いて:excluding; except for
隠す(かくす)
to hide; to conceal (smth)
彼は何かを隠しているように見えます。
He looks like he’s hiding something.
隠していそう:intuitive guess, hunch, impression based on general vibe, tone, or behavior
隠しているように見える (formal):visible, external evidence (facial expressions, body language, actions)
バカ
fool; idiot; stupid
そんな簡単な間違いをするなんて、バカみたいだと思った。
I thought it was stupid to make such an easy mistake.
〜みたい:looks like; seems like (casual observation & guess)
なんて:adds emphasis or surprise “to think that…”
オープン
open
この店は朝八時からオープンしていて、誰でも入れます。
This store is open from 8 a.m., and anyone can enter.
〜ている:ongoing state
誰でも:anyone; everybody
スイッチ
switch
電気のスイッチを入れてあげたら、部屋が明るくなった。
When I turned on the light switch for them, the room became bright.
〜てあげる:to do something for someone
〜たら:when/after
お客様のニーズに合うサービスを作る予定です。
We plan to create services that meet customers’ needs.
必要なら、マスクが欲しいです。
If necessary, I want a mask.
なら:if that’s the case, if…
事前(じぜん)
beforehand; in advance
旅行の前に、事前にホテルを予約しておきます。
Before the trip, I’ll make a hotel reservation in advance.
〜ておく:do smth in advance/preparation (事前に:reinforcement)
忘れないように、名前をかばんに受けておこう。
I’ll attach my name to my bag so I don’t forget.
忘れないように: a natural state or a wish that you can’t directly force to happen; guarding against an automatic outcome; standard & soft
忘れないために: more determined, logical, formal… not forgetting is a concrete, active mission or major life goal
延びる・延びます(のびる)
(smth) lengthens; is postponed
(hair, height, grass) grows…
雨のせいで、試合が二時間も延びるかもしれません。
Because of the rain, the game might be postponed by as much as two hours.
手に入れる・入れます
to obtain (smth)
欲しかった本を手に入れられたので、嬉しかったです。
I was happy because I was able to obtain the book I wanted.
〜ので:objective, polite, smooth
表れる・表れます(あらわれる)
(smth) appears, is expressed
練習を続けると、少しずつ結果に現れるでしょう。
Once you continue practicing, it is a natural law/certainty that results will show.
〜と:fixed, natural cause-and-effect relationship, very logical, objective, & reassuring
練習を続けたら、少しずつ結果に現れるでしょう。
If/When you continue practicing, results will probably show.
[A]〜たら:flexible, conversational, friendly, encouraging, focuses on A, a condition that once it is fulfilled in the future, the next step (results) will occur.
練習を続けるなら、少しずつ結果に現れるでしょう。
If it is a case where you are going to continue practicing, then results will show.
[A]〜なら:topic brought up by another & builds on it… A: someone’s plan/intent; directly responding to someone who just said smth
練習を続ければ、少しずつ結果に現れるでしょう。
Provided that you continue practicing, results will show.
[A]〜ば:strict, hypothetical, minimum requirement needed for results, “as long as you…”, formal, academic, polite, logical connection
一回間違っただけで、諦める必要はありません。
You don’t need to give up just because you made a mistake once.
〜だけで:just because, merely by…
分からないことも多いけど、とにかくやってみよう。
There are many things I don’t understand, but anyway, let’s give it a try.
蓋(ふた)
cover; lid
この蓋は固すぎて、一人では開けられません。
This lid is too tight, so I can’t open it by myself.
入会(にゅうかい)
becoming a member
このジムに入会したら、友達が無料で教えてくれました。
When I joined this gym, my friend taught me for free.
〜たら:when/after something happened
〜てくれる:someone does something for me
やる気が出る(やるきがでる)
to become motivated
先生が褒めてくれたので、やる気が出ました。
Because my teacher praised me, I became motivated.
出席率(しゅっせきりつ)
attendance rate
出席率を上げるために、授業には毎週必ず出席しようと思います。
In order to improve my attendance rate, I think I’ll make sure to attend class every week.
〜ようと思う:I think I’ll; I intend to… (on the spot, a thought)
力を合わせる(ちからをあわせる)
to combine efforts
解決する(かいけつ)
to solve; resolve (smth)
みんなで力を合わせれば、この問題も解決できるはずです。
If we all work together, we should/I expect us to be able to solve this problem.
〜ば:if… (hypotheticals)
~率(〜りつ)
rate; portion of
この町は学生の割合が高く、学生率も高そうです。
This town has a high proportion of students, so its student rate also seems high.
〜そう:looks/seems like… (visual observation/gut feeling, immediate physical impression)
参考になる(さんこうになる)
to be useful as a reference
この本は日本語の勉強にとても参考になるし、例文も多いです。
This book is very useful for studying Japanese, and it also has lots of example sentences.
〜し〜し:and; giving multiple reasons or characteristics
取り直す(とりなおす)
to re-obtain; to regroup, to retake (smth)
試験に落ちたら、もう一度取り直したらどうですか。
If you failed the exam, why don’t you retake it?
〜たらどう:advice/suggestion
自信がつく(じしんがつく)
to gain confidence
毎日日本語を話すようにしたら、自信がつきました。
After I made an effort to speak Japanese every day, I gained confidence.
〜ようにする:make an effort to; try to make it a habit to
〜たら:after/when