Histology Slides Identification and Characteristics

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers histological characteristics of various organs and tissues as described in the lecture notes.

Bone T S

Characterized by concentric osteons (Haversian systems), a Haversian canal at the center containing blood vessels, osteocytes in lacunae connected by canaliculi, and concentric lamellae surrounding the Haversian canal.

Hyaline cartilage

Features chondrocytes in lacunae (often in isogenous groups), a homogeneous, glassy matrix with no visible fibers, and a perichondrium (except at articular cartilage).

Skeletal Muscle

Identified by long, cylindrical, unbranched muscle fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei beneath the sarcolemma and distinct cross striations.

Muscular Artery

Contains a very thick tunica media composed mainly of smooth muscle, a prominent wavy internal elastic lamina, and a narrow lumen compared with wall thickness.

Lymph node

Structure with a capsule and trabeculae, an outer cortex with lymphoid follicles (germinal centers), and an inner medulla with medullary cords and sinuses.

Thin skin

Consists of a thin epidermis with a thin stratum corneum, plus hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands in the dermis.

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Shows chondrocytes in lacunae, abundant elastic fibers in the matrix, and a perichondrium.

Cardiac muscle

Features branched muscle fibers, a single (occasionally two) centrally placed nucleus, intercalated discs, and cross striations.

ELASTIC ARTERY

Composed of a very thick tunica media containing numerous elastic lamellae and a large lumen; internal and external elastic laminae are not distinctly seen.

Cerebellum

Consists of an outer molecular layer, a single layer of Purkinje cells, an inner granular layer, and central white matter known as arbor vitae.

Cerebrum

Features a six-layered cerebral cortex with large pyramidal cells, outer grey matter, inner white matter, and gyri and sulci.

Medulla Oblongata (T.S. at the level of the Olive)

Identified by the Presence of the inferior olivary nucleus, pyramids present anteriorly, fourth ventricle dorsally, and ascending and descending tracts.

Spinal Cord (Lumbar Segment)

Features H-shaped grey matter with large anterior horns, a central canal, and grey matter surrounded by white matter.

Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland

Features a capsule, a cortex with three zones, and a central medulla containing chromaffin cells.

Pituitary Gland

Consists of a dark anterior lobe, a pale posterior lobe, and a pars intermedia with colloid-filled cysts.

Spleen

Contains a capsule with trabeculae, white pulp with a central artery, and red pulp with splenic sinusoids.

Tongue

Contains skeletal muscle in three planes, papillae, taste buds, and lingual glands.

Umbilical Cord

Contains two umbilical arteries, one umbilical vein, and Wharton's jelly, all covered by amnion.

Uterus

Features an endometrium with uterine glands, a thick myometrium, and an outer perimetrium.

Appendix

Features a narrow irregular lumen, numerous lymphoid follicles, no villi, and Crypts of Lieberkühn.

Urinary Bladder

Lined with transitional epithelium and contains a thick detrusor muscle and mucosal folds.

Retina

Consists of ten distinct layers including a pigmented epithelium, rod and cone layer, and ganglion cell layer.

Cornea

Composed of five layers; it is avascular and transparent, with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium and a thick stroma.

Thyroid Gland

Characterized by colloid-filled follicles, simple cuboidal follicular cells, and parafollicular ($C$) cells.

Palatine Tonsil

Lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium and containing deep tonsillar crypts and lymphoid follicles with germinal centers.

Lung

Features numerous alveoli, thin interalveolar septa, bronchi/bronchioles, and pulmonary blood vessels.

Mucous Salivary Gland

Features pale mucous acini and flattened basal nuclei; serous demilunes may be present.

Trachea

Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and contains hyaline cartilage rings and seromucous glands.

Ovary

Contains a cortex and medulla, ovarian follicles, surface germinal epithelium, and tunica albuginea.

Ureter

Features transitional epithelium, a star-shaped lumen, a thick muscular wall, and no submucosa.

Testis

Contains seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells.

Liver

Composed of classical hepatic lobules, a central vein, portal triads, and hepatic sinusoids.

Kidney

Consists of a cortex and medulla, renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and collecting ducts.

Esophagus

Lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium and contains submucosal glands, a thick muscularis externa, and no villi.

Vas Deferens

Features a thick muscular wall, a small star-shaped lumen, and pseudostratified stereociliated epithelium.

Large Intestine (Colon)

Features no villi, straight crypts of Lieberkühn, and numerous goblet cells.

Ileum

Features finger-like villi, Peyer's patches, Crypts of Lieberkühn, and goblet cells.

Duodenum

Characterized by broad villi, Brunner's glands, and Crypts of Lieberkühn.

Stomach (Pylorus)

Features deep gastric pits, coiled pyloric glands, no villi, and thick circular muscle.