anatomy exam 1 questions

why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?

a. skin repairs take longer in the elderly and there are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of elderly only

b. the epidermis is thicker in the elderly

c. there are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly

d. skin repair takes longer in the elderly

e. all of the answers

e

these types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities.

a. adherens junctions and desmosomes

b. hemidesmosome and tight junctions

c. gap junctions and tight junctions

d. tight junctions and hemidesmosomes

e. desmosomes and gap junctions

a

a condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:

a. childbirth

b. heart rate

c. blood sugar

d. blood pressure

e. body temperature

a

which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

a. intercalated cells

b. smooth muscle

c. cardiac muscle

d. myoblasts

e. skeletal muscle

c

what is the major function of histones?

a. add negative charge to the DNA

b. help organize coiling and folding of the DNA

c. degrade faulty proteins in the nucleus

d. needed for helix formation of the DNA

e. catalyze methylation of the DNA

b

the three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are:

a. phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

b. phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids

c. phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water

d. proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids

e. cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids

b

the two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the…

a. nervous and endocrine systems

b. respiratory and muscular systems

c. cardiovascular and integumentary systems

d. urinary and integumentary systems

e. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

a

which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?

a. examining the surface of patient’s skin for presence of a rash

b. tapping and listening for an echo to detect fluid in the lungs

c. feeling the abdomen to detect tender organs

d. feeling the gonads to detect abnormal masses

e. listening for crackling sounds during breathing

a

during this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins.

a. anaphase

b. interphase

c. prophase

d. metaphase

e. telophase

b

plasma membranes are ___, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not.

a. selectively soluble

b. electrical insulators

c. selectively permeable

d. concentration graded

e. electrically graded

c

functions of body structures?

a. immunology

b. histology

c. endocrinology

d. physiology

e. anatomy

d

earwax is produced by ____ glands.

a. apocrine sweat

b. eccrine sweat

c. merocrine sweat

d. sebaceous

e. ceruminous

d

which of the following is NOT one of the main tissue types found in the human body?

a. muscle

b. epithelial

c. myocardial

d. connective

e. nervous

c

which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?

a. simple squamous epithelium

b. stratified squamous epithelium

c. stratified cuboidal epithelium

d. simple columnar epithelium

e. simple cuboidal epithelium

a

the layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the

a. epidermis

b. stratum corneum

c. sebum layer

d. dermis

e. subcutaneous layer

a

vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems, except that it

a. is essential for bone maintenance and growth of the skeletal system

b. is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the digestive system

c. functions in the activation of innominate cells by the lymphatic system

d. functions as a precursor for the hormone calcitriol in the endocrine system

e. is essential for muscle contractions of the muscular system

c

during phagocytosis, binding of a particle to a plasma membrane receptor triggers formation of ____, which are extensions of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte that eventually surround the particle forming a phagosome.

a. podocytes

b. interior vesicles

c. pseudopods

d. exterior vesicles

e. lysosomes

c

Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from charlie’s arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. charlie is suffering from a(n)

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a. first degree burn

b. partial-thickness burn

c. second degree burn

d. epidermal burn

e. third degree burn

e

which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure?

a. distal

b. deep

c. contralateral

d. lateral

e. cephalic

a

which component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together?

a. formed elements

b. basement membrane

c. matrix

d. ground substance

d

all of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except it

a. contains many blood vessels

b. permits independent movement of deeper structures

c. contains large amounts of adipose tissue

d. is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin

e. is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane

e

choose the directional term that would make this sentence correct: the sternum is ____ to the heart.

a. superior

b. anterior

c. posterior

d. lateral

e. inferior

b

if a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?

a. the number of red melanocytes in the skin increases

b. the blood supply to the skin decreases

c. the blood flow to the skin increases

d. increased heat causes the skin to turn red

e. melanocytes increase production of red pigments

c

which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body?

a. palpation

b. metabolism

c. anabolism

d. ausculation

b

what is the name of the serous membrane in closest proximity to the lungs?

a. visceral pleura

b. mediastinum

c. visceral pericardium

d. parietal pericardium

e. parietal pleura

a

a transverse plane will cut a body or organ into

a. superior and inferior portions

b. left and right portions

c. portions separated at an angle to its longitudinal axis

d. anterior and posterior portions

e. unequal left and right portions

a

which of the following correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?

a. organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

b. organ, organ system, organism, tissue, cellular, chemical

c. tissue, cellular, organ, organ system, organism, chemical

d. chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

a

true or false- actin is the protein responsible for pseudopods during phagocytosis

true

which of the following types of tissues contains multi nucleated cells whose movements are under voluntary control?

a. cardiac muscle

b. transitional epithelium

c. smooth muscle

d. areolar tissue

e. skeletal muscle

e

which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues?

a. hyaluronic acid

b. cholesterol

c. starch

d. glycogen

e. melatonin

a

this is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane.

a. secondary active transport

b. simple diffusion

c. endocytosis

d. active transport

e. osmosis

b

which feedback system structure receives output from the control center?

a. response

b. efferent pathway

c. receptor

d. effector

e. stimulus

d

the following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury.


1. blood clot/scab formation
2. cellular migration
3. epidermis covers granulation tissue
4. epidermis covers scar tissue

the correct order for these events is?

1,2,3,4

what are three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?

a. plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus

b. plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles

c. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

d. plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm

e. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles

c

the extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

a. calcified crystals of minerals and enzymes

b. enzymes and membranous organelles

c. keratinized cells and protein fibers

d. plasma membranes and ground substance

e. protein fibers and ground substance

e

which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body’s defense against disease-causing agents?

a. cardiovascular physiology

b. renal physiology

c. exercise physiology

d. immunology

e. pathophysiology

d

the repair of the epidermis after a wound begins as basal cells produce new

a. reticular fibers

b. dense connective tissue

c. collagen fibers

d. elastic fibers

e. keratinocytes

e

which of the following types of tissues is made up of small spindle-shaped cells and is commonly found in the walls of hollow organs?

a. smooth muscle

b. transitional epithelium

c. skeletal muscle

d. areolar tissue

e. cardiac muscle

a

the layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ___ layer.

a. reticular

b. subcutaneous

c. papillary

d. hypodermal

e. epidermal

a

true or false- epithelial tissues are vascular

false

which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to hormones and neurotransmitters?

a. transporters

b. cell identification markers

c. linkers

d. enzymes

e. receptors

e

which of the following is an example of the basic life process called growth? 1. muscle contraction 2. digestion of proteins 3. lifting weights and gaining muscle mass 4. mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause bone to lengthen

a. 4 only

b. 1 only

c. 3 and 4

d. 2 only

e. 3 only

c

what are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids?

a. fatty acid tail groups

b. neither the head nor tail groups are nonpolar

c. phosphate-containing head groups

d. both the head and tail groups are nonpolar

a

which of the following describes a body process that is controlled using a positive feedback loop?

a. increasing body temperature in response to a drop in body temperature

b. decreasing blood \[glucose\] in response to elevated blood \[glucose\]

c. increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch

d. decreasing body temperature in response to elevated body temperature

e. decreasing heart rate in response to elevated blood pressue

c

if the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside of the cell, water will move by osmosis…

a. into the cell

b. into and out of the cell at the same rate resulting in no net water movement

c. none of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

e. out of the cell

a

which type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of the respiratory tract?

a. simple columnar epithelium

b. transitional epithelium

c. simple cuboidal epithelium

d. stratified columnar epithelium

e. stratified cuboidal epithelium

a

variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

a. dermal papillae

b. keratinocytes

c. carotene cells

d. soft keratin

e. melanocytes

e

functional classification of exocrine glands is based on

a. how the gland synthesizes its secretory product

b. size of the gland

c. shape of the gland

d. how the gland release its secretory product

e. all of these answers are correct

d

the extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of

a. albumin

b. red blood cells

c. plasma

d. lymph

e. white blood cells

c

spermatozoa is the only type of human cell that contains a ___, which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.

a. mitochondria

b. cilium

c. microvillus

d. centrosome

e. flagellum

e

an embryonic stem cell undergoes ____ to become a neuron.

a. catabolism

b. anabolism

c. differentiation

d. growth

e. reproduction

c

this type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid.

a. transmembrane protein

b. peripheral protein

c. lipoprotein

d. complement protein

e. all of these choices are correct

a

an important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

a. vitamin B

b. vitamin E

c. vitamin D

d. vitamin C

e. vitamin A

c

rickets can be prevented by

a. adequate sunlight

b. dietary intake of cholecalciferol or avoiding sunlight

c. dietary intake of cholecalciferol

d. avoiding sunlight

e. adequate sunlight or dietary intake of cholecalciferol

e

which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a negative feedback system?

a. important in maintaining homeostasis

b. stimulates changes that reverse the direction of the stimulus

c. usually requires an event outside the feedback system to shut it off

d. regulates conditions in body that remain fairly stable over long periods

e. involves control centers in the nervous or endocrine system

c

in this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

a. facilitated diffusion

b. osmosis

c. primary active transport

d. secondary active transport

e. passive diffusion

c

when the arrector pili muscles contract,

a. hairs are shed

b. shivering occurs

c. the skin changes color

d. “goose bumps” are formed

e. sweat is released from sweat glands

d

this is a measure of a solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content.

a. facilitation

b. filtration

c. normality

d. tonicity

e. equivalency

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d

all of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it…

a. contains electrolytes and waste products

b. helps cool the body when it evaporates

c. is more than 99 percent water

d. produces the body odor characteristic of “sweating”

e. helps to prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin

d

each of the following statements concerning hair is true, except…

a. terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair

b. the cortex of the hair is compose of hard keratin

c. the medulla is the soft core of the hair

d. club hair is hair that has ceased growing

e. scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life

e

stretch marks occur when

a. the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded

b. surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin’s lines of cleavage

c. the skin is stretched in normal movements

d. the hair follicles cease to produce hairs

e. athletes overextend a muscle

a

the polar portion of a cholesterol molecule, which forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of neighboring phospholipids and glycolipids, consists of a

a. -COOH group

b. -OH group

c. -CH3 group

d. -CH4 group

e. none of these are correct

b

which organelle is responsible for synthesis of steroids, phospholipids and functions as a resevoir for Ca2+?

a. secretory vesicle

b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. rough endoplasmic reticulum

d. lysosome

e. mitochondrion

b

which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the proper functioning of cells?

a. lymph

b. blood plasma

c. interstitial fluid

d. vitreous body

e. intracellular fluid

c

most intravenous solutions are ____ with respect to blood cells?

a. tonicity

b. hypotonic

c. osmotic

d. hypertonic

e. isotonic

e

which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?

a. proteasome

b. perioxisomes

c. lysosomes

d. ribosomes

e. mitochondria

b

__ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, __ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and __ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

a. sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine

b. merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine

c. apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous

d. apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine

e. merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous

b

____ are accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis.

blisters