nervous system and neurons
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28 Terms
dendrites
receive messages from other cells
soma
cell body, contains nucleus
axon
fiber attached to the soma, carries messages to other cells
axon terminals
communicate with other nerve cells
myelin sheath
insulates axons and speeds up transmission of neural messages
synapse
fluid filled space between end of axon terminal and dendrites of another neuron
nucleus
contains the DNA
action potential
energy that travels through neurons
action potentials happen in an all or none fashion
all action potentials have the same magnitude
resting potential
-70mV
normal charge of the cell
threshold
-55mV
a stimulus needs to reach the threshold to generate an action potential
depolarization
Na+ floods the cell, making the inside of the cell very positive
increases to +40 mV
repolarization
Na+ is pumped back out of the cell, K+ is pumped back in
return to normal charges
hyperpolarization
before returning to resting potential, the cell reaches -80mV
nervous system
network of cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body
nerves
bundles of axons
neurons
specialized cell in the nervous system that sends and receives messages
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
nerves and neurons not in the spinal cord or brain
parasympathetic nervous system
restores body to normal function after arousal
sympathetic nervous system
fight or slight system
autonomic system
control involuntary muscles, organs, glands
sympathetic and parasympathetic
somatic nervous system
consists of nerves that control voluntary muscles
sensory pathway
motor pathway
sensory neurons
PNS to CNS
send signals about senses to the brain
afferent neurons
PNS to CNS
sensory neurons
motor neurons
PNS to CNS
transmits signals from the brain to the muscles
efferent neurons
PNS to CNS
motor neurons
interneurons
connect sensory to motor neurons
found in spinal cord and brain
reflex
afferent neuron→ interneuron in spinal cord → efferent neuron
brain isn’t involved