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Local Area Network (LAN)
A computer network that connects devices within a limited area, such as a home, office, or campus.
Bus Topology
All devices are connected to a single cable, forming a linear network. Advantages:Easy to install and cost-effective. Disadvantages:Limited scalability and potential for collisions.
Star Topology
All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Advantages:Easy to add or remove devices without affecting the network. Disadvantages:Dependent on the central hub and requires more cabling.
Ring Topology
Devices are connected in a circular manner, forming a closed loop. Advantages:Equal access to network resources and no collisions. Disadvantages:Failure of a single device or cable can disrupt the entire network.
Switched Topology
Devices are connected to a central switch, which manages data flow. Advantages:Efficient data transmission and no collisions. Disadvantages:Costlier due to the need for switches and failure of the central switch affects the entire network.
Daisy Chain Topology
Devices are connected in a linear manner, one after another. Advantages:Simple and easy to implement. Disadvantages:If any device or cable fails, the entire network is affected and limited scalability.
Hierarchy Topology
Combination of different topologies, typically a mix of star and bus or star and ring. Advantages:Provides flexibility and scalability. Disadvantages:Complex to design and implement and requires more cabling and additional hardware.
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
A computer network that spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple local area networks (LANs) or other WANs.
Peer-to-Peer Topology
Each node in the network can act as both a client and a server. Offers high scalability and fault tolerance.
Ring WAN Topology
Nodes are connected in a circular manner, forming a ring. Offers simplicity and equal access to all nodes.
Star Topology
Consists of a central node connected to multiple peripheral nodes. Offers easy management and fault isolation.
Full-Mesh Topology
Each node is directly connected to every other node in the network. Offers high redundancy and fault tolerance.
Partial Mesh Topology
Only a subset of nodes are directly connected to each other. Offers a balance between cost and redundancy.
Two-Tiered Topology
Consists of access layer and distribution layer. Offers scalability, flexibility, and centralized management.
Hybrid WAN Topology
Combines multiple topologies to meet specific requirements. Offers flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.
Advantages of WAN
Geographical flexibility, resource sharing, centralized management, and scalability.
Disadvantages of WAN
Cost, complexity, reliability, and security vulnerabilities.