(L21) An introduction to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

What are SDGs?

• Global call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere

• Agenda of global health and wellbeing, in which all member states address in their own location, wth the vision of a global reduction in inequities

• 17 Goals adopted by all UN Member states in 2015, as part of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which sets a 15yr plan to achieve goals

How many SDGs are there?

17

Each goal has a number of…

Targets and indicators

How many overall targets within SDGs?

169

How many overall indicators?

232

The levels of influence

1. Person

2. Community

3. Environment

The person

• Age, sex, biology, behaviour risk factors and lifestyle

• Attitudes to physical activity, health and wellbeing

The community

• Availability of parks and recreation opportunities

• Family, friends and neighbours’ habits in relation to healthy activities

The environment

• Physical, built, school, work, home

Demographic proximal determinants in mental health

• Age

• Ethnicity

• Gender

Demographic distal determinants in mental health

• Community diversity

• Population density

• Longevity

• Survival

Demographic SDGs in mental health

• (5) Gender equality

Economic proximal determinants in mental health

• Income

• Debt

• Assets

• Financial strain

• Relative deprivation

• Unemployment

• Food security

Economic distal determinants in mental health

• Economic recessions

• Economic inequality

• Macroeconomic policy

Economic SDGs in mental health

• (1) No poverty

• (2) Zero hunger

• (8) Decent work and economic growth

• (9) Industry, innovation and infrastructure

• (10) Reduced inequalities

Neighbourhood proximal determinants of mental health

• Safety and security

• Housing structure

• Overcrowding

• Recreation

Neighbourhood distal determinants of mental health

• Infrastructure

• Neighbourhood deprivation

• Built environment

• Setting

Neighbourhood SDGs in mental health

• (6) Clean water and sanitation

• (7) Affordable and clean energy

• (11) Sustainable cities and communities

• (12) Responsible consumption and production

Environmental events proximal determinants of mental health

• Trauma

• Distress

Environmental events distal determinants of mental health

• Natural disasters

• Industrial disasters

• War or conflict

• Climate change

• Forced migration

Environmental events SDGs in mental health

• (13) Climate action

• (16) Peace, justice and strong institutions

Social and cultural proximal determinants of mental health

• Individual social capital

• Social participation

• Social support

• Education

Social and cultural distal determinants of mental health

• Community social capital

• Social stability

• Cultural

Social and cultural SDGs in mental health

• (4) Quality education

The Current Living Standards Framework

• Our Individual and Collective Wellbeing

• Our Institutions and Governance

• The Wealth of Aotearoa New Zealand

Our Individual and Collective Wellbeing

Captures resources + aspects of lives important to the wellbeing of individuals, families, whanau + communities

• E.g. health, knowledge and skills, consumption and wealth,housing, family and friends

Our Institutions and Governance

Captures role of institutions in building + safeguarding wealth, along with facilitating the wellbeing of individuals and collectives

• E.g. Whanau, hapu and iwi, families and households, civil society, firms and markets, Central and local government, international connections

The Wealth of Aotearoa New Zealand

Captures how wealthy NZ as a country, including sources of wealth not fully captured in system of national accounts: human capability and the natural environment

• Natural environment

• Financial and physical capital

• Social cohesion

• Human capability

The Four Capitals

• Intergenerational wellbeing relies on growth, distribution, sustainability of Four capitals

• Capitals are interdependent, word together to support wellbeing

• Crown-Maori relationship integral to all four capitals

• LSF is being continually developed and next iteration of framework will consider role of culture, including Maori culture, as part of capitals approach in more detail

Natural capital

All aspects of the natural environment needed to support life and human activity. It includes land, soil, water, plants and animals, as well as minerals and energy sources

Human capital

People’s skills, knowledge, and physical and mental health. These are the things which enable people to participate fully in work, study, recreation and in society more broadly

Social capital

Norms and values that underpin society. Includes things like trust, the rule of law, the Crown-Māori relationships, cultural identity, and the connections between people and communities

Financial/physical capital

Includes houses, roads, buildings, hospitals, factories, equipment and vehicles. These are things that make up the country’s physical and financial assets which have a direct role in supporting incomes and material living conditions

LSF Income and consumption

• Goal 1: No poverty

• Goal 2: Zero hunger

LSF Housing

• Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communications

LSF Jobs

• Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth

LSF Health

• Goal 3: Good health and well-being for people

LSF Knowledge and skills

• Goal 4: Quality education

LSF Leisure and recreation

Doesn’t map to specific SDG

LSF Cultural identity

Doesn’t map to specific SDG

LSF Safety and security

• Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions

LSF Environmental quality

• Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities

• Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production

• Goal 13: Climate action

• Goal 14: Life below water

• Goal 15: Life on land

• Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions

LSF Civic engagement and governance

• Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions

LSF Social connections

Doesn’t map to specific SDG

LSF Subjective wellbeing

Doesn’t map to specific SDG

Why is there no matching LSF for SDG reducing inequities?

• Within each domain, all NZ based policies, regulations, legislations, etc. is a framework that focuses on improving the health for everybody

• While not one single wellbeing domain linking to SDGs, every wellbeing domain encapsulates reducing inequities and should be based on gender equality throughout all of those indicators

• Assumed that all living standard domains relate and feed into these SDGs

LSF Physical/financial capital

• Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy

• Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

• Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production

LSF Human capital

• Goal 3: Good health and wellbeing for people

• Goal 4: Quality education

LSF Social capital

• Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions

• Goal 17: Partnership for the goals

LSF Natural capital

• Goal 13: Climate action

• Goal 14: Life below water

• Goal 15: Life on land

Inequities in health outcomes results from…

inequities in opportunities

• Need to think about health outcomes in relation to our opportunities

What is used to inform SDGs?

Big data

What is big data?

No universal agreement on meaning but includes:

• Large or complex datasets. often need terabytes of petabytes of storage

• Large amounts of information at a population, regional or local level or span different geographical areas

• Combining data from multiple sources to explore population outcomes

What make data ‘big’?

Are usually 4 terms used to define the characteristics of big data

• Volume

• Velocity

• Variety

• Veracity

Through development of data science and other related research, there are 3 additional ‘V’s of relevance

• Variability

• Value

• Visualisation

Volume

The computing capacity required to store and analyse data

Velocity

the speed at which the data are created and analysed

Variety

the types of data sources available (text, images, social media, administrative)

Veracity

the accuracy and credibility of data

Variability

the internal consistency of your data (e.g.) reproducible research - will overall trends remain?

Value

the costs required to undertake big data analysis should pay dividends for your organisation and their patients

Visualisation

the use of novel techniques to communicate the patterns that would otherwise be lost in massive tables of data - engaging?