Facts Only Quiz Terms (Mexican Revolution)

mestizo

 A man of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and indigenous descent.

criollo

a person from Spanish South or Central America, especially one of pure Spanish descent

La Reforma

Liberal political and social revolution in Mexico between 1854 and 1876 under the principal leadership of Benito Juárez.

anti-clericalism

related to secularism, which seeks to separate the church from public and political life

Benito Juarez

Mexican Liberal lawyer and statesman who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872

cientifícos

• Diaz fell influence of a group of businessmen called ___ headed by finance minister Jose Limantour. ___ believe that the problems of government could be solved by the proper application of scientific principles. The ___ were all white and european. 

ejido

a piece of land farmed communally under a system supported by the state

hacienda

farms and ranches owned by one white family. a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house

rurales

Turned tough gangs into policemen

Yacquis????

an Indigenous people of Mexico and Native American tribe

José Limantour

Headed the cientificos. A Mexican financier who served as Secretary of the Finance of Mexico from 1893 until the fall of the Porfirio Díaz regime in 1911

Porfirio Diaz

succeeded Juarez. He was a mestizo. Wanted peace and order to bring economic development to mexico. He killed military men who desired to be president. Had people called the Jefes Politicos who rigged results of political elections. ___ believed democracy was an empty dream. Turned tough gangs into policemen: Rurales.

president of Mexico from 1877 to 1880 and from 1884 to 1911

James Creelman

Canadian-American writer famous for securing a 1908 interview for Pearson's Magazine with Mexican president Porfirio Díaz, in which the strongman said that he would not run for the presidency in the 1910 elections

Francisco Madero

____ ran against Diaz. He was very rich but also concerned with the poor.

Intellectuals, middle class, debt-ridden farm workers supported ____ so Diaz put him in jail.

president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in a coup d'état in February 1913 and assassinated

Plan of San Luis Potosi

• After the Independence Day celebration Madero was freed. He was smuggled out to Texas where he issued the plan of ____ and called for a revolution to overthrow Diaz. 

• The Plan declared the 1910 election illegal, and declared Madero provisional president pending new elections

Francisco “Pancho” Villa

Mexican revolutionary and general in the Mexican Revolution. He was a key figure in the revolutionary movement that forced out President Porfirio Díaz and brought Francisco I. Madero to power in 1911.

We was located in the North

Governor of Chihuahua

Emiliano Zapata

In the South, a farm worker revolt had begun under the leadership his leadership. Peasants followed him because they wanted their land back. They quickly grew and became known as the Zapatistas.

Plan of Ayala

puts forward the demands of the Zapatista agrarian rebellion: restitution of lands taken from villages during the Porfiriato, and agrarian redistribution of the larger haciendas, with compensation

Pascual Orozco

As support for Madero decreased, dangerous men plotted to overthrow him the most dangerous was ___ who began a rebellion

Victoriano Huerta

To suppress Orozco, Madero turned to Gen. ____. He was brutal.

had Madero killed to then assume the presidency, shipping Diaz to Japan.

supporters were …

• Hacendados (landowners)

• American business interests

• Federal army

• Catholic Church

served as president and dictator of Mexico from February 1913 to July 1914

Henry Lane Wilson

American Ambassador to Mexico. He assisted in arranging the 1913 murder of Francisco Madero, the revolutionary who succeeded Díaz as president.

Pact of the Embassy

(secret agreement)

Huerta will stop fighting (allowing Diaz to succeed)

Huerta will be acting president

The election would be arranged for Diaz to win

Decena Trágica

multi-day coup d'état in Mexico City by opponents of Madero, the democratically elected president of Mexico.

Venustiano Carranza

One of the people who called for vengeance for Madero even though they did not like him. Announced the Plan of Guadalupe.

In the Northwest

President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920

Plan of Guadalupe

Plan

• Carranza is “first chief”

• Oust Huerta

• Uphold principles pf the Constitution of 1857

Alvaro Obregón

Northern revolutionary leader. Leaded a group called Yakis.

President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924

constitutionalists

Group that are

• Anti-Huerta

• Anticlerical

• Uphold Constitution of 1857

Convention of Aguascalientes

a major meeting that took place during the Mexican Revolution between the factions in the Mexican Revolution that had defeated Victoriano Huerta's Federal Army and forced his resignation and exile in July 1914.

Battle of Celaya

One of the largest and bloodiest battles in Mexican history between the forces of Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa.

Punitive Expedition

a military operation conducted by the United States Army against the paramilitary forces of Mexican revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa from March 14, 1916, to February 7, 1917

Convention of Querétaro

Where the 1917 constitution was formed.

José Vasconcelos

Mexican educator, politician, essayist, and philosopher

He campaigned for the revolutionary presidential candidates Madero and Villa.

After serving as rector of the National University of Mexico, he was appointed by President Álvaro Obregón as minister of public education (1921–24), during which time he initiated major reforms in the school system,

indigenismo

movement in Latin America advocating a dominant social and political role for Indians in countries where they constitute a majority of the population

Plutarco Calles

served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928

• Created the bank of Mexico - Only bank permitted to issue money.

• National Road Commission was organized. 

• National Electricity.

Cristero Rebellion

widespread struggle in central and western Mexico from 3 August 1926 to 21 June 1929 in response to the implementation of secularist and anticlerical articles of the 1917 Constitution

Constitution of 1917

considered the first social constitution of the early twentieth century, as it includes the social rights of citizens. In the case of women, their labor rights were raised for the first time, which ensured equality, respect, and adequate working conditions.

Lazaro Cardenas

Sent Calles to America

Closed down illegal gambling houses, distributed land, replaced old leaders with more militant leaders, etc

president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.

Maximato

a transitional period in the historical and political development of Mexico from 1928 to 1934. Named after former president Plutarco Elías Calles's sobriquet el Jefe Máximo, the Maximato was the period that Calles continued to exercise power and exert influence without holding the presidency.

Porfiriato

The period immediately preceding the revolution

term given to the period when General Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico as president in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

CROM

The principal trade union organization was the __ (Confederacion Regional Obrera Mexicana). The boss was Luis N. Morones. Labor organization supported by the government. The main purpose was to provide a political base for Obregon.

PNR

a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 and held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional Revolucionario)

Order of Presidents

• Porfirio Diaz(1884-1911)

• Madero(1911-1913)

• Huerta (1913-1914)

• Venustiano Carranza (1917–20; previously served as provisional president)

• Adolfo de la Huerta (1920)

• Álvaro Obregón (1920–24)

• Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–28)

• Calles’ Puppets(1928–34)

• Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40)

• Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–46)