Ap World Unit 3

Gunpowder empire

large, multiethnic states in Eurasia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories.

Bureaucratic elites

people who carry out the organizational functioning of a hierarchical government of non-elected officials

Devshirme

a selection system that recruited Christian boys to forcefully serve in the Ottoman government. Boys ages 8 to 20 were taken each year from conquered Christian territories in Europe. The highest-ranking elite military members were called janissaries

Legitimize

Actions made by a ruler to validate their power and authority to their subjects, often promoted through religion, art, and architecture

Tribute system

Goods given as a sign of respect, submission, or allegiance to a powerful state

Tax farming

a system where the right to collect taxes is in the hands of local officials (who often gained the position through an auction). This was a practice in the Ottoman Empire, but a similar system also existed in the Mughal Empire

Protestant Reformation

Protest against the Catholic Church’s corruption and demand for reform, leading to the formation of Protestantism, led by Martin Luther

Counter Reformation

Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation in order to revive its reputation and popularity

Sunni-Shi’a Divide

The division of the two main branches of Islam that began after the death of Muhammad in the 7th century. The disagreement stems from who each group believed should be the successor of Muhammad

Sikhism

Late 15th-century religion that developed in South Asia, combining elements of Hindu and Muslim beliefs